1 00:00:00,160 --> 00:00:03,590 for tonight 2 00:00:09,070 --> 00:00:06,070 f2bq you can also email throughout the 3 00:00:14,629 --> 00:00:11,270 jimmychurchradio.com all right kids you 4 00:00:17,430 --> 00:00:14,639 ready tonight professor avi loeb 5 00:00:20,150 --> 00:00:17,440 and before we get to all of that he'll 6 00:00:22,550 --> 00:00:20,160 be joining us at the bottom of the hour 7 00:00:24,710 --> 00:00:22,560 let's get to the breaking news now i 8 00:00:28,150 --> 00:00:24,720 know 9 00:00:30,790 --> 00:00:28,160 a lot of you are tired of this but 10 00:00:32,549 --> 00:00:30,800 it things are getting heated over in the 11 00:00:36,470 --> 00:00:32,559 uk 12 00:00:40,150 --> 00:00:36,480 here's morgan here's morgan 13 00:00:43,190 --> 00:00:40,160 now i uh okay well the news is this 14 00:00:44,869 --> 00:00:43,200 uh yesterday he stormed off the set of 15 00:00:45,670 --> 00:00:44,879 the show that he hosted in the morning 16 00:00:49,510 --> 00:00:45,680 it's called good 17 00:00:52,470 --> 00:00:49,520 morning britain and pouting 18 00:00:53,029 --> 00:00:52,480 crying wanted to take his toys and go 19 00:00:57,270 --> 00:00:53,039 home 20 00:00:59,990 --> 00:00:57,280 like a child comes back 21 00:01:01,430 --> 00:01:00,000 chats a bit more splits and then he 22 00:01:04,630 --> 00:01:01,440 quits 23 00:01:08,149 --> 00:01:04,640 the way 24 00:01:12,270 --> 00:01:08,159 so that's it and all of this over 25 00:01:15,030 --> 00:01:12,280 megan duchess of sussex 26 00:01:19,429 --> 00:01:15,040 unbelievable his final tweet 27 00:01:22,550 --> 00:01:19,439 his final line in his final tweet quote 28 00:01:24,149 --> 00:01:22,560 thanks for all the love and hate 29 00:01:25,749 --> 00:01:24,159 i'm off to spend more time with my 30 00:01:29,350 --> 00:01:25,759 opinions 31 00:01:31,109 --> 00:01:29,360 then quote ah 32 00:01:32,950 --> 00:01:31,119 there you go i don't know i don't know 33 00:01:36,230 --> 00:01:32,960 what to make i i 34 00:01:38,630 --> 00:01:36,240 uh the monarchy 35 00:01:39,270 --> 00:01:38,640 you know the queen of england and i 36 00:01:42,069 --> 00:01:39,280 think 37 00:01:43,749 --> 00:01:42,079 a very established culture it's it's 38 00:01:45,429 --> 00:01:43,759 what the uk is about and and i 39 00:01:48,469 --> 00:01:45,439 understand that 40 00:01:50,550 --> 00:01:48,479 very important uh geopolitically around 41 00:01:53,670 --> 00:01:50,560 the world i understand that too 42 00:01:57,030 --> 00:01:53,680 and most 43 00:02:00,210 --> 00:01:57,040 britons most of the british 44 00:02:01,510 --> 00:02:00,220 uh respect and and 45 00:02:04,310 --> 00:02:01,520 [Music] 46 00:02:05,910 --> 00:02:04,320 um how do i say this it's it's the 47 00:02:09,029 --> 00:02:05,920 monarchy is part of their culture 48 00:02:12,309 --> 00:02:09,039 right and what is going on right now 49 00:02:14,150 --> 00:02:12,319 with uh megan and uh 50 00:02:16,630 --> 00:02:14,160 and and things in the interview with 51 00:02:17,270 --> 00:02:16,640 oprah well this is world news and i and 52 00:02:20,150 --> 00:02:17,280 i get that 53 00:02:20,869 --> 00:02:20,160 it's not really news for me i you know 54 00:02:29,110 --> 00:02:20,879 it 55 00:02:31,509 --> 00:02:29,120 and yeah i 56 00:02:33,190 --> 00:02:31,519 i don't understand why piers decided to 57 00:02:36,470 --> 00:02:33,200 just make this strong stand 58 00:02:38,630 --> 00:02:36,480 i i just don't get it i don't get it and 59 00:02:39,830 --> 00:02:38,640 to quit your job over something like 60 00:02:43,190 --> 00:02:39,840 this is 61 00:02:45,190 --> 00:02:43,200 ah because it was personal yeah 62 00:02:46,949 --> 00:02:45,200 so that's it that's i i don't want to 63 00:02:49,670 --> 00:02:46,959 give my opinion 64 00:02:52,070 --> 00:02:49,680 that's what went down and i'm just 65 00:02:52,790 --> 00:02:52,080 shocked and surprised about it it's like 66 00:02:55,350 --> 00:02:52,800 me 67 00:02:56,949 --> 00:02:55,360 you know quitting fade to black because 68 00:02:59,430 --> 00:02:56,959 i've got a spat 69 00:03:01,350 --> 00:02:59,440 with somebody that has nothing to do 70 00:03:03,750 --> 00:03:01,360 with the show 71 00:03:04,790 --> 00:03:03,760 it's just it's unbelievable to me all 72 00:03:08,790 --> 00:03:04,800 right 73 00:03:12,869 --> 00:03:08,800 yesterday tuesday 74 00:03:17,030 --> 00:03:12,879 elon musk made 25 75 00:03:21,030 --> 00:03:17,040 billion dollars yesterday 76 00:03:24,550 --> 00:03:21,040 that's right 25 billion ducks 77 00:03:28,070 --> 00:03:24,560 just quacked in his pond 78 00:03:29,509 --> 00:03:28,080 all of it from a 20 rally in tesla's 79 00:03:32,789 --> 00:03:29,519 stock 80 00:03:36,229 --> 00:03:32,799 absolutely incredible well china and 81 00:03:39,270 --> 00:03:36,239 brit are china and britain china and 82 00:03:42,470 --> 00:03:39,280 russia want to build a 83 00:03:44,710 --> 00:03:42,480 shared moon base that's right this was 84 00:03:47,589 --> 00:03:44,720 just announced the two countries agreed 85 00:03:50,270 --> 00:03:47,599 to the plans yesterday saying the 86 00:03:52,070 --> 00:03:50,280 international lunar research station the 87 00:03:54,869 --> 00:03:52,080 ilrs 88 00:03:56,070 --> 00:03:54,879 should be open quote open to all 89 00:03:58,630 --> 00:03:56,080 interested countries and 90 00:04:01,190 --> 00:03:58,640 international partners end quote the 91 00:04:03,110 --> 00:04:01,200 memorandum of understanding between the 92 00:04:05,910 --> 00:04:03,120 two countries announced by the china 93 00:04:09,270 --> 00:04:05,920 national space administration the cnsa 94 00:04:10,949 --> 00:04:09,280 described the ilrs as a comprehensive 95 00:04:14,390 --> 00:04:10,959 scientific experiment 96 00:04:17,909 --> 00:04:14,400 base with the capability of long-term 97 00:04:20,710 --> 00:04:17,919 autonomous operation end quote 98 00:04:22,390 --> 00:04:20,720 neither country has ever landed a human 99 00:04:25,350 --> 00:04:22,400 crew on the moon 100 00:04:26,870 --> 00:04:25,360 now that's of note right and they did 101 00:04:28,110 --> 00:04:26,880 not set a target date to begin 102 00:04:32,310 --> 00:04:28,120 construction of the 103 00:04:34,390 --> 00:04:32,320 ilrs however russia remains a leading 104 00:04:36,310 --> 00:04:34,400 space faring country and china has built 105 00:04:37,430 --> 00:04:36,320 impressive space stations in recent 106 00:04:40,790 --> 00:04:37,440 years 107 00:04:45,110 --> 00:04:40,800 but no word if the u.s 108 00:04:47,670 --> 00:04:45,120 is invited for any sleepovers 109 00:04:49,590 --> 00:04:47,680 there you go announced today american 110 00:04:51,030 --> 00:04:49,600 airlines will no longer have to lay off 111 00:04:53,590 --> 00:04:51,040 an estimated 13 112 00:04:56,710 --> 00:04:53,600 000 employees following the passing of 113 00:04:59,990 --> 00:04:56,720 the latest stimulus package by congress 114 00:05:02,550 --> 00:05:00,000 the airline industry will receive 15 115 00:05:03,029 --> 00:05:02,560 billion dollars out of the 1.9 trillion 116 00:05:05,590 --> 00:05:03,039 cova 117 00:05:07,350 --> 00:05:05,600 19 relief bill as well as an extension 118 00:05:09,830 --> 00:05:07,360 on the payroll support 119 00:05:12,070 --> 00:05:09,840 program the provision was expected to 120 00:05:13,990 --> 00:05:12,080 expire on april 1st as part of the 121 00:05:18,790 --> 00:05:14,000 coronavirus aid relief and 122 00:05:20,390 --> 00:05:18,800 economic security act that's great news 123 00:05:22,790 --> 00:05:20,400 let's get this show cracking happy 124 00:05:26,070 --> 00:05:22,800 birthday to today 125 00:05:29,830 --> 00:05:26,080 olivia wilde is 37 126 00:05:33,670 --> 00:05:29,840 starred in tron and starred in house 127 00:05:38,390 --> 00:05:33,680 md chuck norris today 128 00:05:41,510 --> 00:05:38,400 81 years old let's never forget that 129 00:05:44,950 --> 00:05:41,520 chuck fought bruce lee 130 00:05:48,550 --> 00:05:44,960 in way of the dragon that's right 19 131 00:05:52,390 --> 00:05:48,560 what 72 sharon stone 132 00:05:54,150 --> 00:05:52,400 today is 63. jon hamm 133 00:05:56,950 --> 00:05:54,160 i think he's funny and i think he's a 134 00:05:59,590 --> 00:05:56,960 great actor jon hamm today is 50 135 00:06:01,590 --> 00:05:59,600 of course starting mad men starring in 136 00:06:04,710 --> 00:06:01,600 the new upcoming top gun 137 00:06:05,670 --> 00:06:04,720 maverick he was also really good in the 138 00:06:08,790 --> 00:06:05,680 tv series 139 00:06:12,390 --> 00:06:08,800 good almonds boston's 140 00:06:15,909 --> 00:06:12,400 genius guitar player tom schultz 141 00:06:17,110 --> 00:06:15,919 today is 74. pearl jam bassist jeff 142 00:06:20,309 --> 00:06:17,120 ament 143 00:06:23,590 --> 00:06:20,319 today is 58 edie brickell 144 00:06:26,790 --> 00:06:23,600 edie perkell of the new bohemians yeah 145 00:06:29,830 --> 00:06:26,800 you like that band yeah 146 00:06:33,110 --> 00:06:29,840 i know you did today she's 55. 147 00:06:35,110 --> 00:06:33,120 def jams american recording and and so 148 00:06:37,350 --> 00:06:35,120 forth def jam's rick rubin 149 00:06:39,029 --> 00:06:37,360 today is 58 some say he is the greatest 150 00:06:42,070 --> 00:06:39,039 producer of all time 151 00:06:43,670 --> 00:06:42,080 of course the beastie boys johnny cash 152 00:06:45,430 --> 00:06:43,680 did really well with the red hot chili 153 00:06:48,469 --> 00:06:45,440 peppers too as well 154 00:06:49,350 --> 00:06:48,479 and probably a hundred other bands rick 155 00:06:53,589 --> 00:06:49,360 rubin today 156 00:06:58,150 --> 00:06:53,599 is 58. our dead guy's birthday today is 157 00:06:59,990 --> 00:06:58,160 ted mckenna ted mckenna 1950 to 2019 158 00:07:02,469 --> 00:07:00,000 died at the age of 68. 159 00:07:05,350 --> 00:07:02,479 ted was an amazing drummer he played 160 00:07:08,150 --> 00:07:05,360 with the sensational alex harvey band 161 00:07:08,710 --> 00:07:08,160 played with rory gallagher the greg lake 162 00:07:11,510 --> 00:07:08,720 band 163 00:07:12,150 --> 00:07:11,520 and the michael shanker group he also 164 00:07:14,150 --> 00:07:12,160 toured with 165 00:07:15,270 --> 00:07:14,160 ian gillen for a short period back in 166 00:07:18,309 --> 00:07:15,280 1990 167 00:07:19,749 --> 00:07:18,319 ted lectured in applied art at north 168 00:07:24,710 --> 00:07:19,759 glasgow college 169 00:07:25,350 --> 00:07:24,720 from 1996 to 2011. in 2016 he reunited 170 00:07:27,189 --> 00:07:25,360 with 171 00:07:30,390 --> 00:07:27,199 michael shanker for the michael shanker 172 00:07:31,029 --> 00:07:30,400 fest and anniversary lineup of all three 173 00:07:33,990 --> 00:07:31,039 original 174 00:07:35,670 --> 00:07:34,000 msg vocalist gary barton one of my 175 00:07:36,950 --> 00:07:35,680 favorite singers of all time grand bonna 176 00:07:37,350 --> 00:07:36,960 one of the best of all time and of 177 00:07:40,990 --> 00:07:37,360 course 178 00:07:43,990 --> 00:07:41,000 robin mccauley ted died on january 19 179 00:07:48,150 --> 00:07:44,000 2019 at the age of 68 of a 180 00:07:50,790 --> 00:07:48,160 hemorrhage during a routine operation 181 00:07:52,070 --> 00:07:50,800 happy birthday ted mckenna on this day 182 00:07:58,469 --> 00:07:52,080 in history 183 00:08:00,550 --> 00:07:58,479 otd 1876. first 184 00:08:02,550 --> 00:08:00,560 speech is transmitted by telephone when 185 00:08:04,950 --> 00:08:02,560 alexander graham bell 186 00:08:06,230 --> 00:08:04,960 summons his assistant in another room by 187 00:08:11,430 --> 00:08:06,240 saying quote 188 00:08:14,150 --> 00:08:11,440 mr watson come here i want you 189 00:08:15,749 --> 00:08:14,160 yeah bell got his telephone patent just 190 00:08:20,070 --> 00:08:15,759 three days before 191 00:08:23,909 --> 00:08:20,080 fader fact it's a good one 192 00:08:27,670 --> 00:08:23,919 fader fact after being told 193 00:08:31,270 --> 00:08:27,680 a jet car can run on anything that 194 00:08:32,709 --> 00:08:31,280 burns the president of mexico adolfo 195 00:08:35,750 --> 00:08:32,719 mateos 196 00:08:37,269 --> 00:08:35,760 rode in the turbine chrysler running on 197 00:08:41,350 --> 00:08:37,279 tequila 198 00:08:44,470 --> 00:08:41,360 in 1963. and that 199 00:08:47,190 --> 00:08:44,480 is your fader fact tonight very special 200 00:08:49,150 --> 00:08:47,200 guest professor avi loeb joins us we're 201 00:08:51,590 --> 00:08:49,160 going to be talking about his new book 202 00:08:52,470 --> 00:08:51,600 extraterrestrial we've got a lot of 203 00:08:54,470 --> 00:08:52,480 things 204 00:08:56,710 --> 00:08:54,480 that are about to happen at the bottom 205 00:08:59,670 --> 00:08:56,720 of the hour so get ready for all of that 206 00:09:01,509 --> 00:08:59,680 and tomorrow night is another fader 207 00:09:04,790 --> 00:09:01,519 night with open lines 208 00:09:12,250 --> 00:09:04,800 all night long now it's time for me to 209 00:09:15,350 --> 00:09:13,310 [Music] 210 00:09:19,670 --> 00:09:15,360 rivermooncoffee.com 211 00:09:20,150 --> 00:09:19,680 yeah no it's rivermoonwellness.com i 212 00:09:24,110 --> 00:09:20,160 keep 213 00:09:25,750 --> 00:09:24,120 after so many years river mooncoffee. 214 00:09:27,990 --> 00:09:25,760 rivermoonwellness.com i wonder what 215 00:09:31,269 --> 00:09:28,000 happens if you do rivermooncoffee.com 216 00:09:33,509 --> 00:09:31,279 is it a reroute is it a re-route to 217 00:09:34,829 --> 00:09:33,519 river moon wellness well you can just go 218 00:09:36,150 --> 00:09:34,839 click on the links at 219 00:09:38,870 --> 00:09:36,160 jimmychurchradio.com 220 00:09:41,190 --> 00:09:38,880 all right and also visit their amazon 221 00:09:44,150 --> 00:09:41,200 store get that game change at blend 222 00:09:44,870 --> 00:09:44,160 it's really good promo code f2b blend 223 00:09:50,150 --> 00:09:44,880 all right 224 00:09:53,829 --> 00:09:50,160 let me hit this 225 00:09:57,910 --> 00:09:53,839 funny gilligan's island coconuts 226 00:10:00,470 --> 00:09:57,920 that's funny that's funny 227 00:10:03,990 --> 00:10:00,480 well um tonight's a very special night 228 00:10:08,630 --> 00:10:04,000 but before i get to that 229 00:10:12,470 --> 00:10:11,269 all right i'm gonna get to the end and 230 00:10:14,550 --> 00:10:12,480 then 231 00:10:16,150 --> 00:10:14,560 i'm gonna repeat the end i'm gonna do 232 00:10:17,590 --> 00:10:16,160 the end at the beginning i'm gonna 233 00:10:19,829 --> 00:10:17,600 reverse things 234 00:10:21,590 --> 00:10:19,839 because you need to know where my mind 235 00:10:25,110 --> 00:10:21,600 is right now 236 00:10:28,550 --> 00:10:25,120 so professor ivy loeb 237 00:10:32,310 --> 00:10:28,560 and i recorded the interview 238 00:10:34,949 --> 00:10:32,320 today we did it two hours 239 00:10:36,630 --> 00:10:34,959 before show time it was just recorded we 240 00:10:38,550 --> 00:10:36,640 did it as live as we 241 00:10:40,470 --> 00:10:38,560 could leading up to the show but 242 00:10:44,150 --> 00:10:40,480 professor loeb 243 00:10:45,910 --> 00:10:44,160 gets up at 4 00 a.m to teach school 244 00:10:47,670 --> 00:10:45,920 and i just couldn't keep him up late 245 00:10:50,150 --> 00:10:47,680 he's on the east coast 246 00:10:51,110 --> 00:10:50,160 and that's just the way that it is so he 247 00:10:53,670 --> 00:10:51,120 agreed 248 00:10:55,670 --> 00:10:53,680 to push it up at maximum so he could get 249 00:10:58,630 --> 00:10:55,680 a little bit of sleep tonight 250 00:10:59,269 --> 00:10:58,640 and still do the interview fresh like it 251 00:11:02,150 --> 00:10:59,279 was 252 00:11:04,230 --> 00:11:02,160 live and so we recorded it about two 253 00:11:07,509 --> 00:11:04,240 hours ago two and a half hours ago 254 00:11:11,590 --> 00:11:07,519 and um 255 00:11:15,990 --> 00:11:14,710 i got to think i got to think i was 256 00:11:19,430 --> 00:11:16,000 thinking 257 00:11:22,150 --> 00:11:19,440 got to think what have i 258 00:11:24,230 --> 00:11:22,160 learned after doing nearly 13 years of 259 00:11:27,670 --> 00:11:24,240 radio 260 00:11:33,509 --> 00:11:31,430 well the first thing and it may be the 261 00:11:34,870 --> 00:11:33,519 most important there may be only one 262 00:11:38,230 --> 00:11:34,880 thing 263 00:11:41,430 --> 00:11:38,240 and that is speak 264 00:11:46,949 --> 00:11:43,829 that's right speak with conviction and 265 00:11:54,310 --> 00:11:50,790 don't use words or ideas that 266 00:11:59,269 --> 00:11:57,910 no not live in front of a live audience 267 00:12:02,949 --> 00:11:59,279 not on the radio 268 00:12:06,150 --> 00:12:02,959 not in an interview don't do it 269 00:12:07,829 --> 00:12:06,160 speak with conviction and believe in 270 00:12:10,870 --> 00:12:07,839 yourself 271 00:12:13,670 --> 00:12:10,880 never use words or ideas that you think 272 00:12:15,829 --> 00:12:13,680 people just want to hear to prop 273 00:12:19,750 --> 00:12:15,839 yourself up and make you 274 00:12:22,949 --> 00:12:19,760 feel important because you are saying 275 00:12:27,030 --> 00:12:25,030 only say the stuff that you truly 276 00:12:34,550 --> 00:12:27,040 believe 277 00:12:42,389 --> 00:12:39,350 and this comes from so many 278 00:12:47,030 --> 00:12:45,430 and it's a lesson that only comes with 279 00:12:50,389 --> 00:12:47,040 time 280 00:12:53,829 --> 00:12:50,399 can't be force 281 00:12:54,710 --> 00:12:53,839 fed it's not instant doesn't work that 282 00:12:56,150 --> 00:12:54,720 way 283 00:12:58,550 --> 00:12:56,160 you've got to stumble you've got to 284 00:13:01,990 --> 00:12:58,560 figure it out it's got to be 285 00:13:05,509 --> 00:13:02,000 part of you 286 00:13:09,590 --> 00:13:05,519 ideas that are not your own 287 00:13:13,430 --> 00:13:09,600 or not from your true belief system 288 00:13:14,870 --> 00:13:13,440 are wasted wasted 289 00:13:16,550 --> 00:13:14,880 and think about this when you have a 290 00:13:19,350 --> 00:13:16,560 conversation with somebody 291 00:13:21,269 --> 00:13:19,360 before you just repeat or you just want 292 00:13:21,750 --> 00:13:21,279 to say something in a conversation with 293 00:13:23,670 --> 00:13:21,760 someone 294 00:13:26,069 --> 00:13:23,680 where you're just going to say something 295 00:13:28,550 --> 00:13:26,079 to make yourself seem and feel important 296 00:13:29,829 --> 00:13:28,560 those are the wrong words stop yourself 297 00:13:33,509 --> 00:13:29,839 right there pump the brakes 298 00:13:37,590 --> 00:13:33,519 stop the truck stop it 299 00:13:40,230 --> 00:13:37,600 those words are not remembered 300 00:13:41,030 --> 00:13:40,240 by anyone and you think it's so 301 00:13:44,150 --> 00:13:41,040 important 302 00:13:49,269 --> 00:13:44,160 you think you're sounding so good no 303 00:13:53,269 --> 00:13:49,279 it's wasted the person listening to you 304 00:13:56,949 --> 00:13:53,279 whoever it is their brain 305 00:13:57,670 --> 00:13:56,959 picks up on this they know the ideas are 306 00:13:59,910 --> 00:13:57,680 not yours 307 00:14:01,110 --> 00:13:59,920 they know you don't believe this with 308 00:14:04,310 --> 00:14:01,120 conviction 309 00:14:07,670 --> 00:14:04,320 they know the brain picks up on this 310 00:14:11,750 --> 00:14:07,680 it knows when the words are just 311 00:14:17,110 --> 00:14:11,760 filler stolen 312 00:14:21,350 --> 00:14:17,120 repeated meaningless 313 00:14:26,230 --> 00:14:21,360 the brain when it hears it 314 00:14:29,269 --> 00:14:26,240 knows true original thought 315 00:14:33,269 --> 00:14:29,279 true original ideas 316 00:14:35,509 --> 00:14:33,279 and theories brain gets it 317 00:14:39,910 --> 00:14:35,519 and they know when it's coming from 318 00:14:41,829 --> 00:14:39,920 somebody that believes in themselves 319 00:14:43,430 --> 00:14:41,839 now i know what you're saying here jimmy 320 00:14:44,550 --> 00:14:43,440 give me an example what are you talking 321 00:14:46,470 --> 00:14:44,560 about man this is 322 00:14:50,870 --> 00:14:46,480 this is getting way out there man it's 323 00:14:57,030 --> 00:14:54,629 john anthony west god rest his soul john 324 00:15:00,790 --> 00:14:57,040 anthony west 325 00:15:03,590 --> 00:15:00,800 spoke with conviction believed in 326 00:15:07,509 --> 00:15:05,990 you hung on his every word you 327 00:15:12,069 --> 00:15:07,519 remembered 328 00:15:16,949 --> 00:15:12,079 every word your brain understood 329 00:15:21,189 --> 00:15:16,959 that's right jim mars 330 00:15:23,829 --> 00:15:21,199 jim mars was magical with this 331 00:15:25,590 --> 00:15:23,839 he spoke you listened to you remembered 332 00:15:28,790 --> 00:15:25,600 it wasn't blah blah blah 333 00:15:33,910 --> 00:15:31,910 that's what you do you learn from those 334 00:15:37,189 --> 00:15:33,920 that come before 335 00:15:40,870 --> 00:15:37,199 it's really that simple it's that simple 336 00:15:42,710 --> 00:15:40,880 stanton friedman right it's like the big 337 00:15:43,910 --> 00:15:42,720 three right there john anthony west to 338 00:15:47,670 --> 00:15:43,920 mars 339 00:15:52,230 --> 00:15:47,680 satan friedman speaks with conviction 340 00:15:56,069 --> 00:15:52,240 every time every time 341 00:15:59,509 --> 00:15:58,150 and that's what you have to do and that 342 00:16:04,470 --> 00:15:59,519 is what i have 343 00:16:09,030 --> 00:16:04,480 learned you want a real recent example 344 00:16:12,870 --> 00:16:09,040 last night's show chris bledsoe 345 00:16:15,910 --> 00:16:12,880 speaks with conviction believes 346 00:16:19,509 --> 00:16:15,920 in himself original 347 00:16:22,710 --> 00:16:19,519 thought original ideas 348 00:16:26,069 --> 00:16:22,720 from source that is 349 00:16:29,430 --> 00:16:26,079 what i have learned 350 00:16:33,749 --> 00:16:29,440 tonight avi loeb 351 00:16:36,790 --> 00:16:33,759 brings all of this in full force 352 00:16:38,470 --> 00:16:36,800 he's an original remember everything 353 00:16:42,550 --> 00:16:38,480 that i just laid out for you 354 00:16:46,230 --> 00:16:42,560 right now listen to avi loeb 355 00:16:49,509 --> 00:16:46,240 avilove is singular original thought 356 00:16:50,629 --> 00:16:49,519 original ideas original theories and he 357 00:16:53,509 --> 00:16:50,639 believes in them 358 00:16:54,069 --> 00:16:53,519 and he believes in himself he doesn't 359 00:16:57,509 --> 00:16:54,079 care 360 00:16:58,870 --> 00:16:57,519 what others think and it's an incredible 361 00:17:04,150 --> 00:16:58,880 conversation 362 00:17:06,549 --> 00:17:04,160 before showtime tonight 363 00:17:07,590 --> 00:17:06,559 and i sat back and i thought to myself 364 00:17:10,870 --> 00:17:07,600 not only was 365 00:17:14,069 --> 00:17:10,880 that a great conversation and fun i i 366 00:17:18,470 --> 00:17:14,079 learned something but you just feel 367 00:17:20,630 --> 00:17:18,480 your brain knows it is coming 368 00:17:22,230 --> 00:17:20,640 as original thought it's coming from 369 00:17:24,949 --> 00:17:22,240 somebody with conviction 370 00:17:25,909 --> 00:17:24,959 that believes in themself now this 371 00:17:29,669 --> 00:17:25,919 interview 372 00:17:32,789 --> 00:17:29,679 coming up was recorded live 373 00:17:36,070 --> 00:17:32,799 straight through no edits 374 00:17:39,669 --> 00:17:36,080 did it with the commercials in play boom 375 00:17:43,350 --> 00:17:39,679 done in out done hit 376 00:17:46,630 --> 00:17:43,360 bum sat save file on computer 377 00:17:50,070 --> 00:17:46,640 ready to play that's it 378 00:17:51,830 --> 00:17:50,080 one whack two straight hours so this is 379 00:17:53,830 --> 00:17:51,840 what i'm going to be doing tonight 380 00:17:55,430 --> 00:17:53,840 i'm going to stay with you i'm going to 381 00:17:58,150 --> 00:17:55,440 be hanging out 382 00:17:59,510 --> 00:17:58,160 in the youtube chat i'm going to keep 383 00:18:01,430 --> 00:17:59,520 the video going 384 00:18:03,669 --> 00:18:01,440 i'm going to bounce around between 385 00:18:05,750 --> 00:18:03,679 twitter and spreaker and 386 00:18:07,029 --> 00:18:05,760 so i'll try to jump over to facebook too 387 00:18:09,830 --> 00:18:07,039 if i have the time 388 00:18:11,190 --> 00:18:09,840 but it's an opportunity for me to hang 389 00:18:13,909 --> 00:18:11,200 out with all of you 390 00:18:15,110 --> 00:18:13,919 as we listen to this interview again and 391 00:18:21,750 --> 00:18:15,120 i cannot wait 392 00:18:26,230 --> 00:18:21,760 another thing that i need to uh 393 00:18:31,590 --> 00:18:26,240 remind everybody of out of the 394 00:18:39,669 --> 00:18:35,909 i think we recorded two 395 00:18:43,110 --> 00:18:39,679 that's it the last recorded 396 00:18:46,390 --> 00:18:43,120 show and i could be wrong it's so rare 397 00:18:51,430 --> 00:18:46,400 the last show that we recorded 398 00:18:53,350 --> 00:18:51,440 was eric von daniken five years ago 399 00:18:55,510 --> 00:18:53,360 that's how important this show was 400 00:18:58,710 --> 00:18:55,520 tonight we had to do it 401 00:19:01,110 --> 00:18:58,720 everything was in place it had to happen 402 00:19:02,710 --> 00:19:01,120 and it's the only way that it could 403 00:19:05,350 --> 00:19:02,720 that's how unique tonight 404 00:19:06,549 --> 00:19:05,360 is so i'm able to go back something i 405 00:19:08,950 --> 00:19:06,559 never do 406 00:19:10,230 --> 00:19:08,960 which is go back and listen to this very 407 00:19:12,470 --> 00:19:10,240 important conversation 408 00:19:14,549 --> 00:19:12,480 one more time and then hang out with all 409 00:19:16,870 --> 00:19:14,559 of you i want your thoughts 410 00:19:18,470 --> 00:19:16,880 i want to know what you guys think 411 00:19:21,510 --> 00:19:18,480 you're about to learn 412 00:19:25,270 --> 00:19:21,520 it's an absolutely incredible night 413 00:19:27,510 --> 00:19:25,280 and uh so with that i am going to 414 00:19:28,710 --> 00:19:27,520 just say let's roll it and uh let's get 415 00:19:32,549 --> 00:19:28,720 this started 416 00:19:35,110 --> 00:19:32,559 i am uh very honored that uh 417 00:19:35,990 --> 00:19:35,120 uh professor loeb not only came in here 418 00:19:39,350 --> 00:19:36,000 but 419 00:19:41,110 --> 00:19:39,360 very candid very honest very open 420 00:19:43,669 --> 00:19:41,120 it's an incredible incredible 421 00:19:45,830 --> 00:19:43,679 conversation this is fade to black i 422 00:19:48,470 --> 00:19:45,840 am your host jimmy church on the game 423 00:19:50,630 --> 00:19:48,480 changer network and kgra 424 00:19:51,990 --> 00:19:50,640 the planet we'll be right back after 425 00:19:55,110 --> 00:19:52,000 this short break 426 00:19:56,310 --> 00:19:55,120 with professor avi loeb literally 427 00:19:58,150 --> 00:19:56,320 recorded 428 00:20:09,890 --> 00:19:58,160 two and a half hours ago it's a two two 429 00:20:25,430 --> 00:20:18,830 [Music] 430 00:20:27,669 --> 00:20:25,440 this is nicole church daughter of you 431 00:20:29,750 --> 00:20:27,679 know who and you're listening to fade to 432 00:20:34,070 --> 00:20:29,760 black on jimmychurchradio.com 433 00:20:36,310 --> 00:20:34,080 and the game changer network 434 00:20:40,470 --> 00:20:36,320 you're listening to jimmy church fade to 435 00:20:45,029 --> 00:20:42,710 fate to black will now pause for alien 436 00:20:51,990 --> 00:20:45,039 identification 437 00:20:56,149 --> 00:20:54,310 introducing the game changer blend from 438 00:20:58,710 --> 00:20:56,159 river moon coffee that delivers a 439 00:20:59,990 --> 00:20:58,720 customized blend made specifically for 440 00:21:03,190 --> 00:21:00,000 the fader knots 441 00:21:06,230 --> 00:21:03,200 if the game is rigged change the game 442 00:21:08,149 --> 00:21:06,240 it's a boulder cup with some bite game 443 00:21:10,390 --> 00:21:08,159 changer is the coffee of choice for 444 00:21:11,510 --> 00:21:10,400 those that prefer an organic dark roast 445 00:21:15,029 --> 00:21:11,520 that is slightly 446 00:21:17,590 --> 00:21:15,039 lighter and milder but it's still dark 447 00:21:18,470 --> 00:21:17,600 with wild notes of pecans and 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the only way forward this 464 00:22:01,110 --> 00:21:58,919 is made to black make contact 465 00:22:02,870 --> 00:22:01,120 kgraradio.com 466 00:22:05,669 --> 00:22:02,880 this is jimmy church of fade to black 467 00:22:07,110 --> 00:22:05,679 and you can get our podcast for just two 468 00:22:08,630 --> 00:22:07,120 dollars per month 469 00:22:10,830 --> 00:22:08,640 all you have to do is click on the 470 00:22:13,190 --> 00:22:10,840 podcast banner over at 471 00:22:15,830 --> 00:22:13,200 jimmychurchradio.com 472 00:22:17,110 --> 00:22:15,840 hi folks it's trembling times and fear 473 00:22:19,350 --> 00:22:17,120 is pushing emotions 474 00:22:21,110 --> 00:22:19,360 which in turn pushes health the wrong 475 00:22:22,070 --> 00:22:21,120 direction do you ever get an egg because 476 00:22:24,789 --> 00:22:22,080 life is uneasy 477 00:22:26,710 --> 00:22:24,799 try life change tea get the tea.com life 478 00:22:28,070 --> 00:22:26,720 change tea works on your digestive tract 479 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if you're a sales shopper go to our 495 00:23:00,710 --> 00:22:58,960 specials page 496 00:23:02,470 --> 00:23:00,720 and see what's for you i've been 497 00:23:04,549 --> 00:23:02,480 drinking the tea for 12 years and i'm 498 00:23:09,510 --> 00:23:04,559 sure glad for its health benefits 499 00:23:14,549 --> 00:23:12,870 the tea that makes you go vader knots 500 00:23:16,310 --> 00:23:14,559 when you think about the future of our 501 00:23:18,390 --> 00:23:16,320 country and where we're headed do you 502 00:23:21,029 --> 00:23:18,400 wonder about the food supply 503 00:23:22,630 --> 00:23:21,039 i do disruptions in the food supply 504 00:23:24,710 --> 00:23:22,640 chain could be disastrous 505 00:23:26,950 --> 00:23:24,720 and they usually occur with little 506 00:23:29,029 --> 00:23:26,960 warning that's why the smartest thing 507 00:23:30,549 --> 00:23:29,039 you can do today is to stockpile 508 00:23:33,590 --> 00:23:30,559 emergency food 509 00:23:34,230 --> 00:23:33,600 water and other essentials i personally 510 00:23:36,789 --> 00:23:34,240 recommend 511 00:23:39,350 --> 00:23:36,799 my patriot supply they're the nation's 512 00:23:41,590 --> 00:23:39,360 largest emergency preparedness company 513 00:23:42,710 --> 00:23:41,600 serving millions of customers for more 514 00:23:45,110 --> 00:23:42,720 than a decade 515 00:23:46,149 --> 00:23:45,120 in fact they're the only source my 516 00:23:49,190 --> 00:23:46,159 family trusts for 517 00:23:52,310 --> 00:23:49,200 our preparedness plan you should too 518 00:23:54,870 --> 00:23:52,320 right now save 20 off a full four week 519 00:23:58,470 --> 00:23:54,880 supply of delicious meals that provide 2 520 00:24:01,430 --> 00:23:58,480 000 calories a day saving 20 helps too 521 00:24:04,390 --> 00:24:01,440 doesn't it especially now so go to 522 00:24:07,669 --> 00:24:04,400 prepare with jimmy.com and get ready 523 00:24:08,950 --> 00:24:07,679 that's prepare with jimmy.com there's no 524 00:24:12,149 --> 00:24:08,960 time to lose 525 00:24:12,159 --> 00:24:17,269 nine out of ten geneticists agree 526 00:24:24,710 --> 00:24:21,029 fade to black is not 527 00:24:26,750 --> 00:24:24,720 your father's radio show on the game 528 00:24:30,950 --> 00:24:26,760 changer radio network and 529 00:24:32,950 --> 00:24:30,960 kgra the planet 530 00:24:37,590 --> 00:24:32,960 hi this is rob reiner from anvil and 531 00:24:40,470 --> 00:24:37,600 you're listening to jimmychurchradio.com 532 00:24:46,920 --> 00:24:40,480 what's up i'm chris what up this is 533 00:24:56,950 --> 00:24:46,930 jimmy church radio 534 00:25:02,549 --> 00:24:58,870 [Music] 535 00:25:04,630 --> 00:25:02,559 all right welcome back paid to black i 536 00:25:07,830 --> 00:25:04,640 am your host jimmy church 537 00:25:09,590 --> 00:25:07,840 tonight professor avi loeb 538 00:25:11,470 --> 00:25:09,600 joins us we're going to be talking about 539 00:25:13,510 --> 00:25:11,480 his new book 540 00:25:16,149 --> 00:25:13,520 extraterrestrial tomorrow night is 541 00:25:19,830 --> 00:25:16,159 another fader night with open lines 542 00:25:22,070 --> 00:25:19,840 all night long tonight 543 00:25:23,630 --> 00:25:22,080 harvard's professor avi lope joins us 544 00:25:26,710 --> 00:25:23,640 we're going to discuss his new book 545 00:25:28,549 --> 00:25:26,720 extraterrestrial and our visitor from 546 00:25:31,669 --> 00:25:28,559 the stars 547 00:25:34,070 --> 00:25:31,679 the first known interstellar object 548 00:25:35,269 --> 00:25:34,080 detected passing through our solar 549 00:25:38,310 --> 00:25:35,279 system avilobe 550 00:25:40,549 --> 00:25:38,320 is a theoretical physicist who works on 551 00:25:41,269 --> 00:25:40,559 astrophysics and cosmology he is the 552 00:25:44,070 --> 00:25:41,279 frank b 553 00:25:45,909 --> 00:25:44,080 bear jr professor of science at harvard 554 00:25:47,350 --> 00:25:45,919 university and was the longest serving 555 00:25:48,230 --> 00:25:47,360 chair of harvard's department of 556 00:25:51,909 --> 00:25:48,240 astronomy 557 00:25:53,950 --> 00:25:51,919 from 2011 to 2020 founding director of 558 00:25:55,269 --> 00:25:53,960 harvard's black hole initiative since 559 00:25:57,669 --> 00:25:55,279 2016 560 00:25:58,710 --> 00:25:57,679 and director of the institute for theory 561 00:26:01,510 --> 00:25:58,720 and computation 562 00:26:04,310 --> 00:26:01,520 since 2007 within the harvard 563 00:26:06,710 --> 00:26:04,320 smithsonian center for astrophysics 564 00:26:08,230 --> 00:26:06,720 tonight we are going to discuss his new 565 00:26:10,830 --> 00:26:08,240 book extraterrestrial 566 00:26:12,149 --> 00:26:10,840 and the links for the book are over at 567 00:26:13,430 --> 00:26:12,159 jimmychurchradio.com 568 00:26:15,669 --> 00:26:13,440 and i would like to welcome for the 569 00:26:19,029 --> 00:26:15,679 first time to fade to black professor 570 00:26:21,510 --> 00:26:19,039 avi loeb avi good evening how are you 571 00:26:22,230 --> 00:26:21,520 i'm doing well thanks for having me now 572 00:26:24,950 --> 00:26:22,240 um 573 00:26:25,750 --> 00:26:24,960 what you get tonight avi you get the 574 00:26:29,669 --> 00:26:25,760 first time 575 00:26:29,679 --> 00:26:37,990 let's get 576 00:26:41,669 --> 00:26:40,230 starts it starts where it ends it ends 577 00:26:45,430 --> 00:26:41,679 but we're gonna end his friends 578 00:26:49,029 --> 00:26:45,440 there you go you ready i'm ready totally 579 00:26:51,669 --> 00:26:49,039 now um i i actually want to do this 580 00:26:52,470 --> 00:26:51,679 i want to start here because you've been 581 00:26:55,909 --> 00:26:52,480 out 582 00:26:57,750 --> 00:26:55,919 doing a lot of interviews and the same 583 00:26:58,549 --> 00:26:57,760 questions come at you time and time 584 00:26:59,669 --> 00:26:58,559 again 585 00:27:02,149 --> 00:26:59,679 this is going to be a little bit 586 00:27:05,029 --> 00:27:02,159 different in that i know my guest 587 00:27:06,230 --> 00:27:05,039 i know the subject and i've been lurking 588 00:27:08,950 --> 00:27:06,240 in the background 589 00:27:11,029 --> 00:27:08,960 with you for a number of years i i 590 00:27:13,750 --> 00:27:11,039 pretty much know what's going on 591 00:27:14,950 --> 00:27:13,760 the book is amazing i've now read it 592 00:27:17,990 --> 00:27:14,960 three times 593 00:27:21,590 --> 00:27:18,000 but i wanna actually back up 594 00:27:22,310 --> 00:27:21,600 and and and start here you write a 595 00:27:25,830 --> 00:27:22,320 chapter 596 00:27:26,950 --> 00:27:25,840 in the book about you growing up on your 597 00:27:29,430 --> 00:27:26,960 family's farm in 598 00:27:31,110 --> 00:27:29,440 israel and i found that part of the book 599 00:27:34,070 --> 00:27:31,120 very compelling 600 00:27:34,789 --> 00:27:34,080 and what we know know what we know now 601 00:27:38,070 --> 00:27:34,799 about you 602 00:27:40,389 --> 00:27:38,080 is one thing but back then in israel 603 00:27:41,590 --> 00:27:40,399 were you looking to the stars were you 604 00:27:45,830 --> 00:27:41,600 thinking about life 605 00:27:49,190 --> 00:27:45,840 in the universe growing up not at all 606 00:27:50,310 --> 00:27:49,200 i was pretty much connected to nature 607 00:27:52,149 --> 00:27:50,320 because 608 00:27:54,070 --> 00:27:52,159 you know in the farm we had the chicken 609 00:27:55,029 --> 00:27:54,080 i used to collect eggs every afternoon 610 00:27:57,110 --> 00:27:55,039 and 611 00:27:58,710 --> 00:27:57,120 on weekends i would go to the hills of 612 00:28:02,149 --> 00:27:58,720 the village and 613 00:28:05,590 --> 00:28:02,159 mainly read philosophy books and 614 00:28:09,269 --> 00:28:05,600 i i enjoyed the relaxing environment 615 00:28:11,750 --> 00:28:09,279 uh and i enjoyed it much more than 616 00:28:14,389 --> 00:28:11,760 uh the company of people you know and i 617 00:28:16,230 --> 00:28:14,399 was not a social animal and 618 00:28:18,549 --> 00:28:16,240 that pretty much shaped me as a 619 00:28:19,190 --> 00:28:18,559 scientist as well you know i pay special 620 00:28:21,990 --> 00:28:19,200 respect 621 00:28:22,389 --> 00:28:22,000 to nature when it gives us evidence and 622 00:28:38,470 --> 00:28:22,399 i 623 00:28:45,269 --> 00:28:38,480 the 624 00:28:47,830 --> 00:28:45,279 niche and where you cannot drill anymore 625 00:28:50,389 --> 00:28:47,840 and you cannot find anything new and 626 00:28:51,510 --> 00:28:50,399 the broader view allows you to look 627 00:28:53,990 --> 00:28:51,520 sideways and 628 00:28:55,269 --> 00:28:54,000 perhaps identify opportunities when 629 00:28:57,269 --> 00:28:55,279 others do not 630 00:28:59,909 --> 00:28:57,279 and i i take advantage of that you know 631 00:29:03,029 --> 00:28:59,919 i think outside the box very often 632 00:29:06,549 --> 00:29:03,039 the uh the other part about this 633 00:29:09,430 --> 00:29:06,559 is when somebody has an interest 634 00:29:11,669 --> 00:29:09,440 expressed in in life in the universe or 635 00:29:13,110 --> 00:29:11,679 the possibility of extraterrestrials 636 00:29:15,990 --> 00:29:13,120 visiting us 637 00:29:17,110 --> 00:29:16,000 there always seems to be a personal 638 00:29:19,830 --> 00:29:17,120 connection that 639 00:29:21,750 --> 00:29:19,840 has driven them here did you ever see 640 00:29:23,909 --> 00:29:21,760 something strange in the sky that you 641 00:29:27,430 --> 00:29:23,919 couldn't explain 642 00:29:29,350 --> 00:29:27,440 not at all one way to interpret 643 00:29:31,430 --> 00:29:29,360 the reason why i'm looking for 644 00:29:33,750 --> 00:29:31,440 intelligence in in the skies because i 645 00:29:37,350 --> 00:29:33,760 don't often find it here on earth 646 00:29:38,549 --> 00:29:37,360 why do you that's a very interesting 647 00:29:41,830 --> 00:29:38,559 point because 648 00:29:44,710 --> 00:29:41,840 in the world of hard sciences there 649 00:29:45,389 --> 00:29:44,720 are two things that are going on one the 650 00:29:47,590 --> 00:29:45,399 search for 651 00:29:49,350 --> 00:29:47,600 extraterrestrial life and the origins of 652 00:29:51,190 --> 00:29:49,360 the universe and what is going on out 653 00:29:53,590 --> 00:29:51,200 there amongst the stars and 654 00:29:56,470 --> 00:29:53,600 and even more fantastical things like 655 00:29:58,870 --> 00:29:56,480 the multiverse and parallel worlds and 656 00:30:00,070 --> 00:29:58,880 and what quantum physics and theoretical 657 00:30:02,710 --> 00:30:00,080 things are 658 00:30:04,310 --> 00:30:02,720 driving that part of science and then 659 00:30:07,510 --> 00:30:04,320 there's the other part 660 00:30:07,990 --> 00:30:07,520 where physicists and the hard sciences 661 00:30:11,110 --> 00:30:08,000 don't want 662 00:30:12,230 --> 00:30:11,120 to go to the other side and and talk 663 00:30:13,990 --> 00:30:12,240 about these things 664 00:30:16,630 --> 00:30:14,000 there's like a line in the sand they 665 00:30:19,510 --> 00:30:16,640 want us to believe in the fantastical 666 00:30:20,870 --> 00:30:19,520 of the multiverse but yet they don't 667 00:30:23,510 --> 00:30:20,880 want to cross the line 668 00:30:24,630 --> 00:30:23,520 you've chosen to cross that line haven't 669 00:30:26,710 --> 00:30:24,640 you 670 00:30:29,029 --> 00:30:26,720 well i wouldn't call it crossing the 671 00:30:31,190 --> 00:30:29,039 line in fact i would argue that 672 00:30:33,230 --> 00:30:31,200 my the the approach i'm advocating is 673 00:30:36,789 --> 00:30:33,240 more conservative more 674 00:30:38,070 --> 00:30:36,799 evidence-based and more loyal to the 675 00:30:40,549 --> 00:30:38,080 tradition of physics 676 00:30:42,470 --> 00:30:40,559 rather than you know speculating about 677 00:30:44,470 --> 00:30:42,480 ideas that can never be tested 678 00:30:46,389 --> 00:30:44,480 like the multiverse you know there is no 679 00:30:47,830 --> 00:30:46,399 experimental test that would show us 680 00:30:51,510 --> 00:30:47,840 that we live in the multiverse 681 00:30:53,990 --> 00:30:51,520 as of now also there is no direct test 682 00:30:56,149 --> 00:30:54,000 of the idea of extra dimensions or 683 00:30:57,990 --> 00:30:56,159 of string theory that a lot of people in 684 00:30:59,750 --> 00:30:58,000 the mainstream are working on 685 00:31:01,269 --> 00:30:59,760 on the other hand in the case of the 686 00:31:03,190 --> 00:31:01,279 object that we are discussing you know 687 00:31:05,190 --> 00:31:03,200 if another one comes along and it looks 688 00:31:08,070 --> 00:31:05,200 as weird as 689 00:31:10,310 --> 00:31:08,080 this object we could in principle send a 690 00:31:12,630 --> 00:31:10,320 spacecraft that will take a photograph 691 00:31:14,070 --> 00:31:12,640 and you know a picture is worth a 692 00:31:15,909 --> 00:31:14,080 thousand words it can tell us the 693 00:31:17,830 --> 00:31:15,919 difference between an artificial object 694 00:31:20,230 --> 00:31:17,840 produced by another civilization and a 695 00:31:23,110 --> 00:31:20,240 natural object like a rock 696 00:31:23,590 --> 00:31:23,120 in my case a picture is worth 66 000 697 00:31:29,190 --> 00:31:23,600 words 698 00:31:30,070 --> 00:31:29,200 have you uh we're going to move on in 699 00:31:33,669 --> 00:31:30,080 just a second 700 00:31:36,789 --> 00:31:33,679 but personally have you uh 701 00:31:39,190 --> 00:31:36,799 gotten any pressure from your 702 00:31:39,990 --> 00:31:39,200 uh physicist friends and partners out 703 00:31:43,190 --> 00:31:40,000 there 704 00:31:45,269 --> 00:31:43,200 about about this book and and expressing 705 00:31:47,350 --> 00:31:45,279 these types of views 706 00:31:48,710 --> 00:31:47,360 uh yeah i mean that the pressure is 707 00:31:51,669 --> 00:31:48,720 psychological you know 708 00:31:52,230 --> 00:31:51,679 people on social media write negative 709 00:31:55,509 --> 00:31:52,240 things and 710 00:31:55,990 --> 00:31:55,519 attack me personally but uh i would much 711 00:31:58,470 --> 00:31:56,000 rather 712 00:31:59,190 --> 00:31:58,480 have them discuss the anomalies of this 713 00:32:01,830 --> 00:31:59,200 object 714 00:32:02,870 --> 00:32:01,840 the reason that i advocate for a 715 00:32:04,950 --> 00:32:02,880 possible 716 00:32:05,990 --> 00:32:04,960 you know technological origin for this 717 00:32:07,750 --> 00:32:06,000 object was 718 00:32:09,029 --> 00:32:07,760 the fact that it didn't look like an 719 00:32:11,269 --> 00:32:09,039 asteroid or a comet 720 00:32:12,950 --> 00:32:11,279 the way we found rocks you know in the 721 00:32:15,909 --> 00:32:12,960 solar system before and 722 00:32:17,350 --> 00:32:15,919 if they want to you know keep their eyes 723 00:32:19,430 --> 00:32:17,360 on the ball and just address 724 00:32:21,190 --> 00:32:19,440 these issues i would be very happy to 725 00:32:23,190 --> 00:32:21,200 engage in a conversation but instead 726 00:32:27,269 --> 00:32:23,200 they're attacking me they're attacking 727 00:32:29,110 --> 00:32:27,279 the actual idea of considering this as a 728 00:32:31,750 --> 00:32:29,120 possibility which i find 729 00:32:33,909 --> 00:32:31,760 a little bit strange given that i'm just 730 00:32:35,029 --> 00:32:33,919 practicing the way science is often done 731 00:32:36,710 --> 00:32:35,039 you have some 732 00:32:38,310 --> 00:32:36,720 something that doesn't quite line up 733 00:32:39,909 --> 00:32:38,320 with what you expected and 734 00:32:41,590 --> 00:32:39,919 therefore you put possibilities on the 735 00:32:42,310 --> 00:32:41,600 table and there is nothing wrong with 736 00:32:44,549 --> 00:32:42,320 that 737 00:32:45,430 --> 00:32:44,559 as long as it motivates you to get more 738 00:32:48,389 --> 00:32:45,440 evidence 739 00:32:49,509 --> 00:32:48,399 now if they say it's always rocks it's 740 00:32:51,909 --> 00:32:49,519 never aliens 741 00:32:52,549 --> 00:32:51,919 you know that's a prejudice and 742 00:32:54,630 --> 00:32:52,559 obviously 743 00:32:56,230 --> 00:32:54,640 we'll never discover wonderful things if 744 00:32:58,549 --> 00:32:56,240 you're not ready to 745 00:32:59,990 --> 00:32:58,559 to search for them and that's exactly 746 00:33:03,430 --> 00:33:00,000 where we stand right now 747 00:33:06,789 --> 00:33:03,440 now there is uh a bunch of for me 748 00:33:07,509 --> 00:33:06,799 uh and and following uh you over the 749 00:33:10,389 --> 00:33:07,519 years 750 00:33:12,389 --> 00:33:10,399 a lot of strange coincidences uh 751 00:33:16,149 --> 00:33:12,399 happened along the way for you 752 00:33:17,430 --> 00:33:16,159 in my opinion um and one of them i want 753 00:33:19,110 --> 00:33:17,440 to talk about yuri 754 00:33:20,710 --> 00:33:19,120 yuri milner of course and stephen 755 00:33:24,630 --> 00:33:20,720 hawking and breakthrough star 756 00:33:27,990 --> 00:33:24,640 shot if that hadn't had happened 757 00:33:32,549 --> 00:33:28,000 uh uh milner and hawking would you 758 00:33:34,310 --> 00:33:32,559 have taken notice of omua moa 759 00:33:36,070 --> 00:33:34,320 i would have taken notice perhaps i 760 00:33:38,870 --> 00:33:36,080 would not have imagined the kind of 761 00:33:41,750 --> 00:33:38,880 technology that could explain it 762 00:33:43,509 --> 00:33:41,760 so i i confess that my imagination is 763 00:33:44,310 --> 00:33:43,519 limited to what i know and what i've 764 00:33:47,110 --> 00:33:44,320 experienced 765 00:33:49,190 --> 00:33:47,120 and that was always true you know we 766 00:33:51,110 --> 00:33:49,200 started searching for radio signals from 767 00:33:53,590 --> 00:33:51,120 space once we developed the radio 768 00:33:56,470 --> 00:33:53,600 technology for communication on earth 769 00:33:57,909 --> 00:33:56,480 and obviously we can only imagine things 770 00:34:00,070 --> 00:33:57,919 we experienced 771 00:34:01,430 --> 00:34:00,080 so it's true for me but that doesn't 772 00:34:03,509 --> 00:34:01,440 mean that 773 00:34:04,870 --> 00:34:03,519 that it's not that you know that the 774 00:34:07,269 --> 00:34:04,880 ways not 775 00:34:08,629 --> 00:34:07,279 slightly just because i was able to 776 00:34:10,869 --> 00:34:08,639 imagine it 777 00:34:12,470 --> 00:34:10,879 so the point of the matter is reality 778 00:34:15,190 --> 00:34:12,480 really doesn't care 779 00:34:16,629 --> 00:34:15,200 if we ignore it if we recognize it it's 780 00:34:18,950 --> 00:34:16,639 whatever it is 781 00:34:21,109 --> 00:34:18,960 and we are trying to figure it out and 782 00:34:23,109 --> 00:34:21,119 when we have possibilities on the table 783 00:34:24,470 --> 00:34:23,119 the best way to proceed is get more 784 00:34:26,950 --> 00:34:24,480 evidence that will 785 00:34:29,270 --> 00:34:26,960 allow us to decide if the interpretation 786 00:34:31,270 --> 00:34:29,280 is correct and that's all i'm advocating 787 00:34:32,790 --> 00:34:31,280 my the only reason we might not get that 788 00:34:34,790 --> 00:34:32,800 evidence is if 789 00:34:36,710 --> 00:34:34,800 my colleagues continue to argue we know 790 00:34:37,909 --> 00:34:36,720 the answer without even checking 791 00:34:39,990 --> 00:34:37,919 and you know that's what the 792 00:34:41,109 --> 00:34:40,000 philosophers during the days of galileo 793 00:34:42,790 --> 00:34:41,119 did they said 794 00:34:44,710 --> 00:34:42,800 we know that the sun moves around the 795 00:34:46,069 --> 00:34:44,720 earth when we don't want to look through 796 00:34:49,109 --> 00:34:46,079 a telescope 797 00:34:51,510 --> 00:34:49,119 now and the other strange coincidence um 798 00:34:52,550 --> 00:34:51,520 and you write about this in the book and 799 00:34:55,669 --> 00:34:52,560 and i found it 800 00:34:58,230 --> 00:34:55,679 just amazing you go to 801 00:34:59,349 --> 00:34:58,240 hawaii with your family little vacation 802 00:35:02,710 --> 00:34:59,359 a little tour 803 00:35:05,470 --> 00:35:02,720 the observatories and you uh 804 00:35:06,950 --> 00:35:05,480 give a presentation about uh 805 00:35:09,829 --> 00:35:06,960 extraterrestrials 806 00:35:11,910 --> 00:35:09,839 you do that and then three months later 807 00:35:16,390 --> 00:35:11,920 omua happens 808 00:35:18,710 --> 00:35:16,400 and i don't think that's a coincidence 809 00:35:20,790 --> 00:35:18,720 when you look back at that would he was 810 00:35:23,270 --> 00:35:20,800 that the universe reaching out to you in 811 00:35:26,230 --> 00:35:23,280 a strange way 812 00:35:26,870 --> 00:35:26,240 yeah well i you know i i i don't i i 813 00:35:29,109 --> 00:35:26,880 find it 814 00:35:30,230 --> 00:35:29,119 just you know maybe a coincidence i i'm 815 00:35:33,349 --> 00:35:30,240 not sure i mean 816 00:35:35,829 --> 00:35:33,359 things in life happen and um you know i 817 00:35:38,470 --> 00:35:35,839 don't give it a special um 818 00:35:39,589 --> 00:35:38,480 significance and obviously it allowed me 819 00:35:43,589 --> 00:35:39,599 to 820 00:35:45,589 --> 00:35:43,599 look looks like and 821 00:35:47,990 --> 00:35:45,599 and then attracted my attention when the 822 00:35:51,750 --> 00:35:48,000 report came out about um 823 00:35:52,630 --> 00:35:51,760 um but yeah maybe things happen in life 824 00:35:54,630 --> 00:35:52,640 sometimes 825 00:35:55,829 --> 00:35:54,640 for reasons we don't fully understand 826 00:35:58,950 --> 00:35:55,839 now when 827 00:36:02,310 --> 00:35:58,960 omo amuwa and the reports of it first 828 00:36:04,630 --> 00:36:02,320 came out i uh i reported on this not 829 00:36:06,150 --> 00:36:04,640 only here but over on coast to coast am 830 00:36:07,750 --> 00:36:06,160 and i'm reaching out to millions of 831 00:36:11,109 --> 00:36:07,760 people each night right 832 00:36:13,190 --> 00:36:11,119 and i thought something strange is going 833 00:36:16,390 --> 00:36:13,200 on here there was a 834 00:36:19,349 --> 00:36:16,400 for me the one line in the report 835 00:36:20,390 --> 00:36:19,359 about actually two that caught my 836 00:36:23,430 --> 00:36:20,400 attention 837 00:36:27,430 --> 00:36:23,440 which was for me unexplainable was 838 00:36:30,630 --> 00:36:27,440 it took a turn and then hit the gas 839 00:36:34,150 --> 00:36:30,640 and i just thought to myself something 840 00:36:36,230 --> 00:36:34,160 strange is going on here when you 841 00:36:37,430 --> 00:36:36,240 read the same things and looked at that 842 00:36:40,790 --> 00:36:37,440 research in the data 843 00:36:43,750 --> 00:36:40,800 what went through your head well 844 00:36:45,510 --> 00:36:43,760 uh so the data came in pieces it didn't 845 00:36:47,750 --> 00:36:45,520 come all together and 846 00:36:48,870 --> 00:36:47,760 every time an anomaly was reported it 847 00:36:51,670 --> 00:36:48,880 looked as if 848 00:36:52,790 --> 00:36:51,680 you know it's unusual and at some point 849 00:36:55,190 --> 00:36:52,800 you know there was 850 00:36:56,710 --> 00:36:55,200 this straw that they broke the camel's 851 00:36:58,870 --> 00:36:56,720 back and that's when 852 00:37:01,190 --> 00:36:58,880 uh there was this anomaly about it 853 00:37:04,550 --> 00:37:01,200 getting an extra push away from the sun 854 00:37:06,310 --> 00:37:04,560 that cannot be explained because 855 00:37:07,670 --> 00:37:06,320 there was no gas around it so you 856 00:37:09,589 --> 00:37:07,680 couldn't explain it in terms of the 857 00:37:10,310 --> 00:37:09,599 rocket effect like you do in the case of 858 00:37:13,349 --> 00:37:10,320 comets 859 00:37:15,430 --> 00:37:13,359 it certainly was not a comment uh and so 860 00:37:17,670 --> 00:37:15,440 at that point i started suspecting 861 00:37:19,510 --> 00:37:17,680 okay well it's time to summarize all the 862 00:37:20,150 --> 00:37:19,520 weird properties and there were six of 863 00:37:23,030 --> 00:37:20,160 them 864 00:37:25,109 --> 00:37:23,040 that was in june 2018 about eight months 865 00:37:28,150 --> 00:37:25,119 after the object was discovered 866 00:37:29,670 --> 00:37:28,160 uh so at that point i wrote an essay to 867 00:37:32,150 --> 00:37:29,680 scientific american where i 868 00:37:33,349 --> 00:37:32,160 summarized all the weird properties and 869 00:37:35,109 --> 00:37:33,359 i said well maybe 870 00:37:37,349 --> 00:37:35,119 it implies that it's of artificial 871 00:37:39,430 --> 00:37:37,359 origin and then a few months later i 872 00:37:42,310 --> 00:37:39,440 wrote a scientific paper 873 00:37:44,950 --> 00:37:42,320 you know with equations and and the 874 00:37:47,589 --> 00:37:44,960 numbers that 875 00:37:48,550 --> 00:37:47,599 argued that indeed you know it may be a 876 00:37:51,030 --> 00:37:48,560 light sale 877 00:37:52,790 --> 00:37:51,040 some artificial object and not 878 00:37:54,470 --> 00:37:52,800 necessarily a rock 879 00:37:56,550 --> 00:37:54,480 and you know the paper was accepted for 880 00:37:58,230 --> 00:37:56,560 publication within a few days which is 881 00:38:00,790 --> 00:37:58,240 quite unusual and 882 00:38:03,270 --> 00:38:00,800 then a couple of bloggers wrote about it 883 00:38:05,990 --> 00:38:03,280 and it became viral on 884 00:38:07,510 --> 00:38:06,000 in the media and i didn't even have a 885 00:38:09,270 --> 00:38:07,520 press release about it 886 00:38:10,710 --> 00:38:09,280 and also the same thing happened with my 887 00:38:13,270 --> 00:38:10,720 book once um 888 00:38:14,550 --> 00:38:13,280 uh the new york post put out the story 889 00:38:18,390 --> 00:38:14,560 on january 890 00:38:20,790 --> 00:38:18,400 3rd 2021 uh you know i 891 00:38:22,630 --> 00:38:20,800 every day after that i had the 892 00:38:26,230 --> 00:38:22,640 interviews from 8 a.m till 893 00:38:26,630 --> 00:38:26,240 7 00 p.m uh about 350 of them over the 894 00:38:29,750 --> 00:38:26,640 past 895 00:38:32,870 --> 00:38:29,760 couple of months and i 896 00:38:34,950 --> 00:38:32,880 i viewed it as a a platform as 897 00:38:36,470 --> 00:38:34,960 an opportunity to convey my message 898 00:38:39,270 --> 00:38:36,480 about the current 899 00:38:41,430 --> 00:38:39,280 uh well first of all that the umuamua 900 00:38:43,910 --> 00:38:41,440 might be the first 901 00:38:45,510 --> 00:38:43,920 artifact the you know technological 902 00:38:46,630 --> 00:38:45,520 object that we have seen from another 903 00:38:49,270 --> 00:38:46,640 civilization 904 00:38:51,270 --> 00:38:49,280 but also more importantly about how the 905 00:38:53,030 --> 00:38:51,280 current scientific culture doesn't have 906 00:38:55,829 --> 00:38:53,040 its heart in the right place 907 00:38:57,190 --> 00:38:55,839 given what the public's interest now one 908 00:39:00,950 --> 00:38:57,200 of the things 909 00:39:04,310 --> 00:39:00,960 uh about to me 910 00:39:07,990 --> 00:39:04,320 uh that i think was a letdown is 911 00:39:11,030 --> 00:39:08,000 it we didn't know anything until it was 912 00:39:14,230 --> 00:39:11,040 past us we didn't 913 00:39:17,589 --> 00:39:14,240 have the opportunity to photograph it 914 00:39:19,829 --> 00:39:17,599 image it and and and track it earlier 915 00:39:21,270 --> 00:39:19,839 um what information could we have gotten 916 00:39:24,470 --> 00:39:21,280 if we had jumped on this 917 00:39:27,910 --> 00:39:24,480 uh you know two months earlier 918 00:39:30,150 --> 00:39:27,920 yes exactly so um you know and that's a 919 00:39:32,069 --> 00:39:30,160 lesson for the future because 920 00:39:34,069 --> 00:39:32,079 you know we found it after a few years 921 00:39:35,349 --> 00:39:34,079 of serving the sky with the pan stars 922 00:39:38,390 --> 00:39:35,359 observatory 923 00:39:40,150 --> 00:39:38,400 and we're likely to find more after a 924 00:39:42,390 --> 00:39:40,160 similar amount of time and 925 00:39:44,390 --> 00:39:42,400 in fact there would be the vera rubin 926 00:39:45,030 --> 00:39:44,400 observatory much more sensitive than pan 927 00:39:46,790 --> 00:39:45,040 stars 928 00:39:48,150 --> 00:39:46,800 starting operations in less than three 929 00:39:51,270 --> 00:39:48,160 years and it could 930 00:39:53,430 --> 00:39:51,280 discover a new object like it uh 931 00:39:55,990 --> 00:39:53,440 you know every month and so the lesson 932 00:39:59,109 --> 00:39:56,000 for those future objects that would look 933 00:40:02,550 --> 00:39:59,119 as weird as um was uh 934 00:40:05,430 --> 00:40:02,560 is that we should if we get an alert 935 00:40:07,990 --> 00:40:05,440 a year in advance then we could send a 936 00:40:10,630 --> 00:40:08,000 spacecraft equipped with a camera that 937 00:40:11,109 --> 00:40:10,640 will pass close to them will intercept 938 00:40:14,870 --> 00:40:11,119 their 939 00:40:18,390 --> 00:40:14,880 photograph 940 00:40:20,870 --> 00:40:18,400 and then that would allow us to 941 00:40:23,030 --> 00:40:20,880 tell directly and i don't think anyone 942 00:40:25,109 --> 00:40:23,040 would argue with a photograph 943 00:40:26,309 --> 00:40:25,119 whether it's a natural object or an 944 00:40:28,069 --> 00:40:26,319 artificial object 945 00:40:29,510 --> 00:40:28,079 and if it isn't one of them is 946 00:40:31,430 --> 00:40:29,520 artificial you know it's just like 947 00:40:33,030 --> 00:40:31,440 looking for plastic bottles on the beach 948 00:40:34,309 --> 00:40:33,040 you know most of the time you find rocks 949 00:40:35,349 --> 00:40:34,319 but every now and then you find a 950 00:40:38,069 --> 00:40:35,359 plastic bottle 951 00:40:39,990 --> 00:40:38,079 so if we do find an artificial object 952 00:40:42,470 --> 00:40:40,000 you know the next question is can we 953 00:40:43,990 --> 00:40:42,480 put our hands on it can can we land on 954 00:40:46,390 --> 00:40:44,000 it just the way we are 955 00:40:47,270 --> 00:40:46,400 you know we're landing on asteroids um 956 00:40:49,829 --> 00:40:47,280 and 957 00:40:52,069 --> 00:40:49,839 you know then we may be able to read off 958 00:40:55,910 --> 00:40:52,079 the label that says made on planet 959 00:40:57,430 --> 00:40:55,920 x or maybe we could try to import the 960 00:41:00,150 --> 00:40:57,440 technology that is 961 00:41:01,990 --> 00:41:00,160 on it uh if that technology is far more 962 00:41:04,710 --> 00:41:02,000 advanced than what we have 963 00:41:06,309 --> 00:41:04,720 here on earth it would it would be it's 964 00:41:08,069 --> 00:41:06,319 a learning experience it would allow us 965 00:41:11,270 --> 00:41:08,079 to 966 00:41:12,950 --> 00:41:11,280 you know jump start our technological 967 00:41:14,710 --> 00:41:12,960 advance instead of 968 00:41:16,390 --> 00:41:14,720 waiting a million years to invent it 969 00:41:18,829 --> 00:41:16,400 ourselves now one 970 00:41:19,990 --> 00:41:18,839 uh another thing so fascinating about 971 00:41:22,309 --> 00:41:20,000 omua 972 00:41:23,750 --> 00:41:22,319 is we know about pioneer 10 and 11 and 973 00:41:27,430 --> 00:41:23,760 voyager 1 and 2 974 00:41:30,790 --> 00:41:27,440 and new horizons where years and years 975 00:41:33,430 --> 00:41:30,800 and years are spent with these craft 976 00:41:34,150 --> 00:41:33,440 to exit our solar system and head into 977 00:41:37,510 --> 00:41:34,160 interstellar 978 00:41:40,550 --> 00:41:37,520 space omuamua came and went 979 00:41:41,190 --> 00:41:40,560 quickly how fast can we talk about the 980 00:41:44,790 --> 00:41:41,200 speed 981 00:41:49,349 --> 00:41:44,800 of omua yeah so 982 00:41:52,950 --> 00:41:49,359 the speed reflected actually 983 00:41:56,150 --> 00:41:52,960 the motion of the solar system in in 984 00:41:57,910 --> 00:41:56,160 its environment uh there is the this 985 00:41:59,829 --> 00:41:57,920 frame of reference which is called the 986 00:42:02,069 --> 00:41:59,839 local standard of rest which is the 987 00:42:04,390 --> 00:42:02,079 frame that you get to when you average 988 00:42:06,230 --> 00:42:04,400 over the random motions of all the stars 989 00:42:08,710 --> 00:42:06,240 in the vicinity of the sun 990 00:42:09,910 --> 00:42:08,720 and each star is moving you can think of 991 00:42:12,870 --> 00:42:09,920 this is 992 00:42:14,309 --> 00:42:12,880 as the local parking lot of the milky 993 00:42:17,510 --> 00:42:14,319 way galaxy 994 00:42:18,630 --> 00:42:17,520 and the omoamwa was at rest in the local 995 00:42:20,870 --> 00:42:18,640 standard of rest 996 00:42:23,430 --> 00:42:20,880 it was sort of parked there just like a 997 00:42:25,829 --> 00:42:23,440 beauty on the surface of the ocean 998 00:42:27,990 --> 00:42:25,839 and then the solar system bumped into it 999 00:42:29,750 --> 00:42:28,000 just like a giant ship 1000 00:42:31,510 --> 00:42:29,760 because of its motion relative to the 1001 00:42:35,910 --> 00:42:31,520 local standard of rest 1002 00:42:39,430 --> 00:42:35,920 and only one in 500 stars 1003 00:42:42,309 --> 00:42:39,440 is so much uh at rest as um 1004 00:42:43,750 --> 00:42:42,319 was in that frame so it was very unusual 1005 00:42:45,510 --> 00:42:43,760 it wasn't really moving 1006 00:42:46,790 --> 00:42:45,520 in the local standard of rest and we 1007 00:42:49,030 --> 00:42:46,800 bumped into it 1008 00:42:50,550 --> 00:42:49,040 you know and that raises the question of 1009 00:42:52,870 --> 00:42:50,560 why you know would 1010 00:42:54,069 --> 00:42:52,880 we find the first object to be so 1011 00:42:56,790 --> 00:42:54,079 unusual 1012 00:42:59,030 --> 00:42:56,800 it doesn't move like a typical star does 1013 00:43:02,550 --> 00:42:59,040 relative to the local standard of rest 1014 00:43:05,829 --> 00:43:02,560 one possibility is that you know it's a 1015 00:43:09,589 --> 00:43:05,839 a member of a population of objects that 1016 00:43:12,470 --> 00:43:09,599 is set on a grid you know and 1017 00:43:13,990 --> 00:43:12,480 it's useful for navigation through 1018 00:43:15,829 --> 00:43:14,000 interstellar space if you want to know 1019 00:43:17,030 --> 00:43:15,839 your coordinates you do it relative to 1020 00:43:19,030 --> 00:43:17,040 these objects 1021 00:43:20,069 --> 00:43:19,040 that are placed at rest in the local 1022 00:43:21,990 --> 00:43:20,079 standard for us that 1023 00:43:23,670 --> 00:43:22,000 that's one possibility another 1024 00:43:26,630 --> 00:43:23,680 possibility is that it's 1025 00:43:27,030 --> 00:43:26,640 a member of an array of objects used for 1026 00:43:29,829 --> 00:43:27,040 uh 1027 00:43:31,750 --> 00:43:29,839 communication as relay stations you know 1028 00:43:33,349 --> 00:43:31,760 but we we don't really know 1029 00:43:35,030 --> 00:43:33,359 at this point because we had only one 1030 00:43:37,589 --> 00:43:35,040 encounter like that 1031 00:43:39,109 --> 00:43:37,599 we we need to wait until we find more of 1032 00:43:42,309 --> 00:43:39,119 objects of the same class 1033 00:43:45,190 --> 00:43:42,319 and it just raises questions and 1034 00:43:46,950 --> 00:43:45,200 and possibilities now uh and the speed 1035 00:43:49,910 --> 00:43:46,960 that it traveled through our solar 1036 00:43:52,150 --> 00:43:49,920 system and to leave us so quickly 1037 00:43:53,510 --> 00:43:52,160 what what does that say to you about the 1038 00:43:56,870 --> 00:43:53,520 sheer 1039 00:43:58,950 --> 00:43:56,880 quickness of it all well it's just 1040 00:44:00,790 --> 00:43:58,960 it's just the speed that the sun moves 1041 00:44:01,589 --> 00:44:00,800 relative to the local standard of rest 1042 00:44:03,990 --> 00:44:01,599 because 1043 00:44:05,589 --> 00:44:04,000 this object was at rest just like a 1044 00:44:06,710 --> 00:44:05,599 beauty on the surface of the ocean and 1045 00:44:09,270 --> 00:44:06,720 we bumped into it 1046 00:44:11,349 --> 00:44:09,280 simply because we were moving so it 1047 00:44:13,349 --> 00:44:11,359 itself was not moving 1048 00:44:14,550 --> 00:44:13,359 relative to the local standard of rest 1049 00:44:16,710 --> 00:44:14,560 and then 1050 00:44:18,630 --> 00:44:16,720 uh that's the reason that it was moving 1051 00:44:20,470 --> 00:44:18,640 fast relative to us because the sun is 1052 00:44:22,550 --> 00:44:20,480 moving very fast relative to the local 1053 00:44:25,030 --> 00:44:22,560 standard of rest and you know we just 1054 00:44:28,230 --> 00:44:25,040 bumped into it and we gave it a kick 1055 00:44:31,270 --> 00:44:28,240 uh through our motion now 1056 00:44:34,230 --> 00:44:31,280 uh what about the increase in speed 1057 00:44:34,790 --> 00:44:34,240 that was something that you addressed uh 1058 00:44:37,670 --> 00:44:34,800 uh 1059 00:44:39,589 --> 00:44:37,680 pretty quickly where other astronomers 1060 00:44:41,510 --> 00:44:39,599 were trying to 1061 00:44:43,589 --> 00:44:41,520 label it as a comet that there was 1062 00:44:45,510 --> 00:44:43,599 something else that was pushing it 1063 00:44:46,790 --> 00:44:45,520 uh and that didn't seem to be the case 1064 00:44:50,150 --> 00:44:46,800 of course it was 1065 00:44:51,990 --> 00:44:50,160 identified originally as uh as an a 1066 00:44:53,510 --> 00:44:52,000 i believe right and then it got the c 1067 00:44:56,550 --> 00:44:53,520 classification 1068 00:44:59,349 --> 00:44:56,560 and then finally the the one i 1069 00:45:01,030 --> 00:44:59,359 interstellar classification in the end 1070 00:45:02,150 --> 00:45:01,040 yeah initially people thought it's a 1071 00:45:04,470 --> 00:45:02,160 comet but 1072 00:45:05,430 --> 00:45:04,480 there was no commentary tail around it 1073 00:45:07,190 --> 00:45:05,440 visually 1074 00:45:08,550 --> 00:45:07,200 and then the spitzer space telescope 1075 00:45:11,750 --> 00:45:08,560 searched uh for 1076 00:45:13,030 --> 00:45:11,760 any traces of carbon-based molecules or 1077 00:45:15,589 --> 00:45:13,040 dust around it 1078 00:45:16,950 --> 00:45:15,599 didn't find anything to very deep limits 1079 00:45:19,670 --> 00:45:16,960 you know so 1080 00:45:21,910 --> 00:45:19,680 in order for the push of this object to 1081 00:45:23,589 --> 00:45:21,920 be generated by the rocket effect by 1082 00:45:26,550 --> 00:45:23,599 evaporating gases 1083 00:45:28,710 --> 00:45:26,560 you needed about 10 percent of the mass 1084 00:45:30,150 --> 00:45:28,720 of this object to evaporate and we would 1085 00:45:32,790 --> 00:45:30,160 have seen it easily 1086 00:45:34,309 --> 00:45:32,800 given what we know about comets and we 1087 00:45:36,870 --> 00:45:34,319 haven't seen anything 1088 00:45:38,630 --> 00:45:36,880 so clearly it was not a comet of the 1089 00:45:41,109 --> 00:45:38,640 type that we are used to 1090 00:45:42,870 --> 00:45:41,119 uh you can always imagine something that 1091 00:45:46,069 --> 00:45:42,880 we have never seen before like 1092 00:45:48,870 --> 00:45:46,079 a comet made of pure hydrogen 1093 00:45:50,309 --> 00:45:48,880 someone suggested that and the problem 1094 00:45:52,550 --> 00:45:50,319 with that is 1095 00:45:54,069 --> 00:45:52,560 uh you know obviously i mean hydrogen is 1096 00:45:57,510 --> 00:45:54,079 transparent so you might miss 1097 00:45:59,990 --> 00:45:57,520 the cometary tail but such a hydrogen 1098 00:46:02,069 --> 00:46:00,000 iceberg the size of a football field 1099 00:46:03,589 --> 00:46:02,079 would get evaporated very quickly by 1100 00:46:06,069 --> 00:46:03,599 absorbing starlight 1101 00:46:07,030 --> 00:46:06,079 and wouldn't survive the journey so we 1102 00:46:09,910 --> 00:46:07,040 showed that in a 1103 00:46:10,550 --> 00:46:09,920 paper that we wrote afterwards and so 1104 00:46:12,550 --> 00:46:10,560 you know 1105 00:46:14,309 --> 00:46:12,560 people suggested things that we've never 1106 00:46:16,790 --> 00:46:14,319 seen before but 1107 00:46:17,829 --> 00:46:16,800 each and every one of them had problems 1108 00:46:20,550 --> 00:46:17,839 another one was 1109 00:46:22,950 --> 00:46:20,560 maybe it's a dust bunny a collection of 1110 00:46:25,750 --> 00:46:22,960 dust particles that are loosely bound 1111 00:46:27,190 --> 00:46:25,760 just like you know the dust bunnies you 1112 00:46:29,349 --> 00:46:27,200 find at home 1113 00:46:30,950 --> 00:46:29,359 and the the idea was maybe it's a 1114 00:46:33,430 --> 00:46:30,960 hundred times less dense than 1115 00:46:35,990 --> 00:46:33,440 air so it's very lightweight sort of 1116 00:46:38,309 --> 00:46:36,000 like a fluffy cloud of dust 1117 00:46:39,750 --> 00:46:38,319 that can be easily pushed by reflecting 1118 00:46:41,510 --> 00:46:39,760 sunlight 1119 00:46:43,030 --> 00:46:41,520 but it needs to be a hundred times less 1120 00:46:44,950 --> 00:46:43,040 dense than air 1121 00:46:46,630 --> 00:46:44,960 and then when it gets close to the sun 1122 00:46:47,589 --> 00:46:46,640 it would get heated by hundreds of 1123 00:46:49,750 --> 00:46:47,599 degrees 1124 00:46:51,910 --> 00:46:49,760 and it's just hard for me to see how it 1125 00:46:54,550 --> 00:46:51,920 would maintain its integrity 1126 00:46:55,510 --> 00:46:54,560 uh given that it's heated by hundreds of 1127 00:46:57,270 --> 00:46:55,520 degrees 1128 00:46:59,109 --> 00:46:57,280 and the the fact that it has very low 1129 00:47:02,550 --> 00:46:59,119 material strength 1130 00:47:05,589 --> 00:47:02,560 so um you know all these proposals had 1131 00:47:08,710 --> 00:47:05,599 significant flows the other thing is uh 1132 00:47:11,430 --> 00:47:08,720 this object was most likely 1133 00:47:13,109 --> 00:47:11,440 pancake shaped um based on the 1134 00:47:13,910 --> 00:47:13,119 reflection of sunlight as it was 1135 00:47:15,750 --> 00:47:13,920 tumbling 1136 00:47:17,030 --> 00:47:15,760 so there was another suggestion maybe 1137 00:47:19,990 --> 00:47:17,040 it's just a piece 1138 00:47:21,430 --> 00:47:20,000 a shrapnel a shred of a bigger object 1139 00:47:23,829 --> 00:47:21,440 that was 1140 00:47:25,750 --> 00:47:23,839 disrupted by the tidal force as it 1141 00:47:27,589 --> 00:47:25,760 passed close to a star 1142 00:47:30,150 --> 00:47:27,599 and the problem with that is usually you 1143 00:47:32,069 --> 00:47:30,160 get this shrapnel to be elongated cigar 1144 00:47:33,589 --> 00:47:32,079 shaped and not pancake shape 1145 00:47:36,309 --> 00:47:33,599 so all of the possibilities that were 1146 00:47:38,870 --> 00:47:36,319 put on the table as an alternative to 1147 00:47:39,829 --> 00:47:38,880 a light sail or an artificial origin 1148 00:47:43,270 --> 00:47:39,839 they also 1149 00:47:45,510 --> 00:47:43,280 had the major flows and you know that's 1150 00:47:48,470 --> 00:47:45,520 why i wrote my book and i 1151 00:47:50,870 --> 00:47:48,480 suggest that we consider the artificial 1152 00:47:54,069 --> 00:47:50,880 origin as a viable possibility 1153 00:47:56,309 --> 00:47:54,079 our guest tonight professor avi loeb i 1154 00:47:57,109 --> 00:47:56,319 am your host jimmy church this is fade 1155 00:48:00,549 --> 00:47:57,119 to black 1156 00:48:02,390 --> 00:48:00,559 on the game changer network and kgra 1157 00:48:07,450 --> 00:48:02,400 the planet more with avi after this 1158 00:48:19,990 --> 00:48:07,460 short break stay with us 1159 00:48:22,309 --> 00:48:20,000 [Music] 1160 00:48:24,470 --> 00:48:22,319 this is faded black with jimmy church on 1161 00:48:29,430 --> 00:48:24,480 the game changer radio network 1162 00:48:31,990 --> 00:48:29,440 and kgra the global radio alliance 1163 00:48:33,030 --> 00:48:32,000 this is kgra digital broadcasting 1164 00:48:37,430 --> 00:48:33,040 station 1165 00:48:39,430 --> 00:48:37,440 salt lake city utah van buren arkansas 1166 00:48:41,109 --> 00:48:39,440 hello my name is billy carson and i'm a 1167 00:48:43,270 --> 00:48:41,119 best-selling author and the founder of 1168 00:48:45,270 --> 00:48:43,280 forbidden knowledge dot tv together with 1169 00:48:46,710 --> 00:48:45,280 my team we have built a all new contest 1170 00:48:48,309 --> 00:48:46,720 streaming tv platform 1171 00:48:50,230 --> 00:48:48,319 designed with every family member in 1172 00:48:51,510 --> 00:48:50,240 mind if you have ever wanted to travel 1173 00:48:53,030 --> 00:48:51,520 the world and attend lectures and 1174 00:48:54,069 --> 00:48:53,040 workshops from your favorite speakers 1175 00:48:56,790 --> 00:48:54,079 but weren't able to 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jimmy church 1252 00:51:54,630 --> 00:51:51,760 fade to black on the game changer 1253 00:51:57,030 --> 00:51:54,640 network and the kgra digital broadcast 1254 00:52:00,190 --> 00:51:57,040 station 1255 00:52:01,349 --> 00:52:00,200 this is toby kebbel you're listening to 1256 00:52:04,390 --> 00:52:01,359 jimmychurchradio.com 1257 00:52:05,510 --> 00:52:04,400 don't hurt me jimmy i'm only little hey 1258 00:52:07,349 --> 00:52:05,520 i'm adrian grenier 1259 00:52:11,829 --> 00:52:07,359 and this is ari gold we're the honey 1260 00:52:15,829 --> 00:52:14,230 hey i'm adrian grenier and i'm ari gold 1261 00:52:18,150 --> 00:52:15,839 we're the honey brothers 1262 00:52:19,670 --> 00:52:18,160 and you're listening to jimmy church a 1263 00:52:21,349 --> 00:52:19,680 revolution 1264 00:52:23,349 --> 00:52:21,359 this is jimmy church of fade to black 1265 00:52:25,670 --> 00:52:23,359 and you can become an official fate or 1266 00:52:29,910 --> 00:52:25,680 not by just going to our membership 1267 00:52:31,990 --> 00:52:29,920 section at jimmychurchradio.com 1268 00:52:33,430 --> 00:52:32,000 hello this is serena wright taylor from 1269 00:52:35,349 --> 00:52:33,440 conscious life expo 1270 00:52:36,470 --> 00:52:35,359 and you're listening to fade to black 1271 00:52:38,710 --> 00:52:36,480 with jimmy church 1272 00:52:42,230 --> 00:52:38,720 who holds the lucky pony record for the 1273 00:52:45,670 --> 00:52:42,240 best astrological chart since 1963. 1274 00:52:46,630 --> 00:52:45,680 true story this is micah hanks of the 1275 00:52:48,309 --> 00:52:46,640 ghrelian report 1276 00:52:50,390 --> 00:52:48,319 and you're listening to jimmy church on 1277 00:52:51,910 --> 00:52:50,400 fade to black across the globe on the 1278 00:52:55,410 --> 00:52:51,920 game changer radio network 1279 00:52:58,829 --> 00:52:55,420 and the one and only kgra radio the 1280 00:53:16,069 --> 00:52:58,839 [Music] 1281 00:53:22,549 --> 00:53:19,190 all right welcome back fade to black 1282 00:53:25,270 --> 00:53:22,559 i am your host jimmy church tonight 1283 00:53:26,270 --> 00:53:25,280 professor avi lope and we are discussing 1284 00:53:28,150 --> 00:53:26,280 his new book 1285 00:53:29,270 --> 00:53:28,160 extraterrestrial the first sign of 1286 00:53:31,990 --> 00:53:29,280 intelligent life 1287 00:53:33,910 --> 00:53:32,000 beyond earth the links for the book are 1288 00:53:35,670 --> 00:53:33,920 over at jimmychurchradio.com 1289 00:53:37,990 --> 00:53:35,680 check it out i have now read it three 1290 00:53:41,589 --> 00:53:38,000 times i'm headed to my fourth 1291 00:53:42,549 --> 00:53:41,599 now um uh uh professor loeb before the 1292 00:53:45,190 --> 00:53:42,559 break 1293 00:53:47,430 --> 00:53:45,200 uh as we're discussing the uh the object 1294 00:53:50,549 --> 00:53:47,440 itself o muammua 1295 00:53:54,069 --> 00:53:50,559 um you brought up in your papers 1296 00:53:57,990 --> 00:53:54,079 the possibility of this having 1297 00:54:01,109 --> 00:53:58,000 a light sail construct to it 1298 00:54:02,790 --> 00:54:01,119 um i i i mentioned uh 1299 00:54:05,589 --> 00:54:02,800 yuri mill learned stephen hawking 1300 00:54:09,030 --> 00:54:05,599 earlier and their project of course 1301 00:54:11,670 --> 00:54:09,040 um is that what made you think 1302 00:54:14,230 --> 00:54:11,680 uh light sail you know because of the 1303 00:54:16,870 --> 00:54:14,240 other research that you're working on 1304 00:54:17,910 --> 00:54:16,880 well no first of all um i wanted to 1305 00:54:20,790 --> 00:54:17,920 explain the 1306 00:54:22,309 --> 00:54:20,800 um push that was exhibited by this 1307 00:54:24,630 --> 00:54:22,319 object 1308 00:54:26,470 --> 00:54:24,640 the force that was pushing it declined 1309 00:54:29,510 --> 00:54:26,480 inversely with distance squad 1310 00:54:31,829 --> 00:54:29,520 and um and and it couldn't be due to the 1311 00:54:33,589 --> 00:54:31,839 rocket effect from evaporating gases so 1312 00:54:36,150 --> 00:54:33,599 the question is what is doing 1313 00:54:37,990 --> 00:54:36,160 what is doing this effect and the only 1314 00:54:41,510 --> 00:54:38,000 thing that came to mind is 1315 00:54:43,589 --> 00:54:41,520 a reflection of sunlight and 1316 00:54:44,710 --> 00:54:43,599 in fact as it turns out in retrospect 1317 00:54:47,109 --> 00:54:44,720 you know in september 1318 00:54:48,870 --> 00:54:47,119 2020 there was another object that 1319 00:54:51,670 --> 00:54:48,880 exhibited an excess push 1320 00:54:53,829 --> 00:54:51,680 away from the sun by reflecting sunlight 1321 00:54:55,910 --> 00:54:53,839 and there was no cometary tail and 1322 00:54:58,390 --> 00:54:55,920 this object was also discovered by pan 1323 00:55:01,349 --> 00:54:58,400 stars it was given the astronomical name 1324 00:55:02,549 --> 00:55:01,359 2020 so and then the astronomers 1325 00:55:06,190 --> 00:55:02,559 realized that 1326 00:55:07,430 --> 00:55:06,200 oh it's actually a rocket booster from a 1327 00:55:11,030 --> 00:55:07,440 1966 1328 00:55:14,390 --> 00:55:11,040 launch uh uh a mission called 1329 00:55:16,710 --> 00:55:14,400 lunar lander surveyor ii and um 1330 00:55:18,150 --> 00:55:16,720 this rocket booster was produced by us 1331 00:55:20,549 --> 00:55:18,160 and it had very thin 1332 00:55:23,349 --> 00:55:20,559 walls and that's why it exhibited the 1333 00:55:24,789 --> 00:55:23,359 excess push away from the sun 1334 00:55:26,870 --> 00:55:24,799 so we know that we produced this 1335 00:55:29,190 --> 00:55:26,880 artificially and you know that lends 1336 00:55:31,349 --> 00:55:29,200 credibility to the possibility that omua 1337 00:55:34,150 --> 00:55:31,359 mua was also a thin object 1338 00:55:34,789 --> 00:55:34,160 with a large area for its weight and 1339 00:55:36,950 --> 00:55:34,799 that was 1340 00:55:39,349 --> 00:55:36,960 i checked the numbers it turns out that 1341 00:55:41,750 --> 00:55:39,359 the object had to be very thin 1342 00:55:44,069 --> 00:55:41,760 in order for the reflection of sunlight 1343 00:55:46,950 --> 00:55:44,079 to act on it to be effective 1344 00:55:49,430 --> 00:55:46,960 sort of like a sail and that's what led 1345 00:55:51,750 --> 00:55:49,440 me to suggest that it may be a sale and 1346 00:55:54,150 --> 00:55:51,760 we are currently as you said developing 1347 00:55:56,710 --> 00:55:54,160 this technology of flight sales where 1348 00:55:57,510 --> 00:55:56,720 you push a spacecraft by reflecting 1349 00:56:00,549 --> 00:55:57,520 light 1350 00:56:02,549 --> 00:56:00,559 off its sail just like the sail on a 1351 00:56:05,670 --> 00:56:02,559 boat is um 1352 00:56:08,069 --> 00:56:05,680 pushed forward by reflecting the wind 1353 00:56:09,190 --> 00:56:08,079 uh and so that was the origin of my 1354 00:56:10,710 --> 00:56:09,200 suggestion and 1355 00:56:12,390 --> 00:56:10,720 it was based on the fact that there is 1356 00:56:14,950 --> 00:56:12,400 this push on on 1357 00:56:15,510 --> 00:56:14,960 muammua but then of course as you say i 1358 00:56:18,309 --> 00:56:15,520 mean 1359 00:56:21,270 --> 00:56:18,319 my imagination is obviously limited to 1360 00:56:24,309 --> 00:56:21,280 things that i've experienced and 1361 00:56:27,430 --> 00:56:24,319 the involvement in the starshot 1362 00:56:29,430 --> 00:56:27,440 project uh allowed me to imagine this 1363 00:56:32,549 --> 00:56:29,440 possibility as a viable one 1364 00:56:36,230 --> 00:56:32,559 now uh the 1365 00:56:36,549 --> 00:56:36,240 um and i want to speak very directly to 1366 00:56:40,069 --> 00:56:36,559 this 1367 00:56:41,670 --> 00:56:40,079 when you start going into these areas 1368 00:56:43,190 --> 00:56:41,680 you're going to have skeptics you're 1369 00:56:45,589 --> 00:56:43,200 going to have the blowback and you're 1370 00:56:49,109 --> 00:56:45,599 going to have the counter arguments 1371 00:56:51,349 --> 00:56:49,119 um did you decide to challenge 1372 00:56:52,150 --> 00:56:51,359 the counter offers right that were 1373 00:56:54,549 --> 00:56:52,160 coming in 1374 00:56:56,230 --> 00:56:54,559 out there or do you just let it do you 1375 00:56:58,630 --> 00:56:56,240 let it lay 1376 00:57:00,309 --> 00:56:58,640 well i i keep my eyes on the ball and 1377 00:57:02,390 --> 00:57:00,319 less so on the audience you know i don't 1378 00:57:05,030 --> 00:57:02,400 care what's happening on social media 1379 00:57:07,030 --> 00:57:05,040 and how many likes i have on twitter but 1380 00:57:09,030 --> 00:57:07,040 i really care about what people how 1381 00:57:10,549 --> 00:57:09,040 people explain the anomalies that we 1382 00:57:11,510 --> 00:57:10,559 observe because that you know that's the 1383 00:57:13,270 --> 00:57:11,520 name of the game 1384 00:57:14,870 --> 00:57:13,280 that's the ball the ball is the 1385 00:57:16,390 --> 00:57:14,880 anomalies and 1386 00:57:18,390 --> 00:57:16,400 we need to explain them you know we 1387 00:57:20,470 --> 00:57:18,400 cannot just ignore them and 1388 00:57:22,710 --> 00:57:20,480 make it you know based on our prejudice 1389 00:57:23,349 --> 00:57:22,720 make the argument that it must be rocks 1390 00:57:24,950 --> 00:57:23,359 until 1391 00:57:27,270 --> 00:57:24,960 there is extraordinary evidence for 1392 00:57:30,870 --> 00:57:27,280 anything else uh we we need 1393 00:57:33,030 --> 00:57:30,880 to find what this object is and 1394 00:57:34,630 --> 00:57:33,040 you know even if you argue that it's 1395 00:57:37,270 --> 00:57:34,640 natural you know you have to 1396 00:57:37,990 --> 00:57:37,280 explain the properties that it exhibited 1397 00:57:40,309 --> 00:57:38,000 and 1398 00:57:41,349 --> 00:57:40,319 the scientists that attempted to do that 1399 00:57:43,190 --> 00:57:41,359 came up with 1400 00:57:44,870 --> 00:57:43,200 something that we have never seen before 1401 00:57:46,309 --> 00:57:44,880 so i say you know if we are 1402 00:57:48,950 --> 00:57:46,319 discussing something that we have never 1403 00:57:49,430 --> 00:57:48,960 seen before why not an artificial origin 1404 00:57:52,630 --> 00:57:49,440 and 1405 00:57:55,990 --> 00:57:52,640 uh to me it sounds like a very plausible 1406 00:57:56,549 --> 00:57:56,000 hypothesis to consider given that this 1407 00:57:58,789 --> 00:57:56,559 object 1408 00:57:59,750 --> 00:57:58,799 doesn't look like anything we have seen 1409 00:58:01,990 --> 00:57:59,760 uh and 1410 00:58:04,309 --> 00:58:02,000 uh you know i i was a bit naive in doing 1411 00:58:06,630 --> 00:58:04,319 that and you know i follow my childhood 1412 00:58:07,829 --> 00:58:06,640 curiosity in the way i do science i i 1413 00:58:12,630 --> 00:58:07,839 don't 1414 00:58:15,430 --> 00:58:12,640 i'm not trying to impress or 1415 00:58:16,630 --> 00:58:15,440 to be liked by people i just follow the 1416 00:58:18,710 --> 00:58:16,640 evidence and and put 1417 00:58:19,910 --> 00:58:18,720 on the table what seems to be a 1418 00:58:22,069 --> 00:58:19,920 possibility and 1419 00:58:23,109 --> 00:58:22,079 let's you know if it encourages us to 1420 00:58:24,630 --> 00:58:23,119 get more evidence 1421 00:58:26,230 --> 00:58:24,640 or for the better you know that's part 1422 00:58:27,910 --> 00:58:26,240 of the scientific process 1423 00:58:30,549 --> 00:58:27,920 but in this case you know in difference 1424 00:58:33,589 --> 00:58:30,559 from other cases where i suggested 1425 00:58:35,190 --> 00:58:33,599 you know a new physics or some 1426 00:58:36,710 --> 00:58:35,200 something to do with let's say the 1427 00:58:38,390 --> 00:58:36,720 nature of dark matter which we don't 1428 00:58:40,069 --> 00:58:38,400 know what it is and 1429 00:58:41,910 --> 00:58:40,079 and nobody you know nobody complained 1430 00:58:43,349 --> 00:58:41,920 when i suggested that maybe the dark 1431 00:58:45,349 --> 00:58:43,359 matter has some properties that would 1432 00:58:47,270 --> 00:58:45,359 explain this and that anomaly 1433 00:58:48,390 --> 00:58:47,280 that was fine because it's part of the 1434 00:58:51,030 --> 00:58:48,400 scientific process 1435 00:58:52,230 --> 00:58:51,040 here when i suggested this explanation 1436 00:58:55,750 --> 00:58:52,240 people were very 1437 00:58:57,750 --> 00:58:55,760 uh polarized very uh they attacked me 1438 00:58:59,670 --> 00:58:57,760 personally on occasion and 1439 00:59:01,589 --> 00:58:59,680 and but that's really not the game i'm 1440 00:59:03,990 --> 00:59:01,599 playing i'm not playing a game of 1441 00:59:05,589 --> 00:59:04,000 mud wrestling here i'm just talking 1442 00:59:07,670 --> 00:59:05,599 about the anomalies of a momo 1443 00:59:09,030 --> 00:59:07,680 i don't want to reply to personal 1444 00:59:10,789 --> 00:59:09,040 attacks because 1445 00:59:12,309 --> 00:59:10,799 you know if you get into the mud you you 1446 00:59:14,150 --> 00:59:12,319 you get dirty and 1447 00:59:15,510 --> 00:59:14,160 uh we should just address it as a 1448 00:59:18,150 --> 00:59:15,520 scientific question and 1449 00:59:18,789 --> 00:59:18,160 collect more evidence and the only way 1450 00:59:22,069 --> 00:59:18,799 we won't 1451 00:59:23,109 --> 00:59:22,079 learn something new is if we refuse to 1452 00:59:26,309 --> 00:59:23,119 consider 1453 00:59:28,309 --> 00:59:26,319 some possibilities just you know just as 1454 00:59:30,549 --> 00:59:28,319 we know from the history of science you 1455 00:59:32,150 --> 00:59:30,559 know the progress was blocked when 1456 00:59:34,710 --> 00:59:32,160 people had prejudice and and 1457 00:59:36,309 --> 00:59:34,720 had strong convictions and what i find 1458 00:59:38,950 --> 00:59:36,319 really unfortunate is 1459 00:59:40,710 --> 00:59:38,960 that the public is very excited about 1460 00:59:43,030 --> 00:59:40,720 this possibility and my book is doing 1461 00:59:45,829 --> 00:59:43,040 extremely well because of that 1462 00:59:47,670 --> 00:59:45,839 uh whereas and i think the reason is 1463 00:59:50,549 --> 00:59:47,680 that the public is being starved 1464 00:59:52,309 --> 00:59:50,559 on you know the discussion on uh other 1465 00:59:53,109 --> 00:59:52,319 civilizations out there and looking for 1466 00:59:55,589 --> 00:59:53,119 them 1467 00:59:58,069 --> 00:59:55,599 uh and i find it inappropriate on behalf 1468 01:00:00,630 --> 00:59:58,079 of the science community not to make it 1469 01:00:02,470 --> 01:00:00,640 part of the mainstream you know because 1470 01:00:03,990 --> 01:00:02,480 we are investing more than a billion 1471 01:00:06,069 --> 01:00:04,000 dollars in the search for 1472 01:00:07,990 --> 01:00:06,079 gravitational waves for example and that 1473 01:00:08,870 --> 01:00:08,000 won the nobel prize in physics a few 1474 01:00:11,109 --> 01:00:08,880 years ago 1475 01:00:12,390 --> 01:00:11,119 without the investment of 1.1 billion 1476 01:00:14,069 --> 01:00:12,400 dollars by the 1477 01:00:15,990 --> 01:00:14,079 national science foundation we would 1478 01:00:18,309 --> 01:00:16,000 never find this evidence 1479 01:00:19,910 --> 01:00:18,319 and you know just claiming that we need 1480 01:00:21,990 --> 01:00:19,920 extraordinary evidence without 1481 01:00:23,670 --> 01:00:22,000 providing the funds you know right now 1482 01:00:24,230 --> 01:00:23,680 the search for technological signatures 1483 01:00:26,549 --> 01:00:24,240 has 1484 01:00:28,390 --> 01:00:26,559 a thousand times less funding or even 1485 01:00:28,950 --> 01:00:28,400 more than the search for gravitational 1486 01:00:31,109 --> 01:00:28,960 waves 1487 01:00:33,270 --> 01:00:31,119 you know without funding it obviously we 1488 01:00:35,750 --> 01:00:33,280 won't won't find the evidence 1489 01:00:37,030 --> 01:00:35,760 and with ridiculing any time someone 1490 01:00:38,549 --> 01:00:37,040 mentions the possibility of a 1491 01:00:41,030 --> 01:00:38,559 technological signature 1492 01:00:42,150 --> 01:00:41,040 obviously will not get young talent to 1493 01:00:44,230 --> 01:00:42,160 work on this subject 1494 01:00:45,349 --> 01:00:44,240 so it's sort of like stepping on the 1495 01:00:48,470 --> 01:00:45,359 grass 1496 01:00:50,470 --> 01:00:48,480 grow so saying 1497 01:00:52,230 --> 01:00:50,480 it's a self-fulfilling prophecy saying 1498 01:00:53,190 --> 01:00:52,240 we need extraordinary evidence but at 1499 01:00:55,910 --> 01:00:53,200 the same time not 1500 01:00:57,109 --> 01:00:55,920 allowing this evidence to be gathered 1501 01:00:58,950 --> 01:00:57,119 you know that's that's really 1502 01:01:00,789 --> 01:00:58,960 unfortunate and inappropriate for the 1503 01:01:01,910 --> 01:01:00,799 scientific community to do 1504 01:01:03,910 --> 01:01:01,920 the scientific community should 1505 01:01:05,829 --> 01:01:03,920 recognize that this is a question the 1506 01:01:08,470 --> 01:01:05,839 public cares dearly about 1507 01:01:09,589 --> 01:01:08,480 and the public funds science and we have 1508 01:01:11,349 --> 01:01:09,599 the ability 1509 01:01:13,510 --> 01:01:11,359 to address this question right now we 1510 01:01:16,230 --> 01:01:13,520 have the instruments the telescopes 1511 01:01:17,270 --> 01:01:16,240 we just need to allow ourselves to 1512 01:01:19,190 --> 01:01:17,280 explore it 1513 01:01:20,950 --> 01:01:19,200 and why would it be more speculative 1514 01:01:22,549 --> 01:01:20,960 than the search for specific types of 1515 01:01:23,990 --> 01:01:22,559 dark matter for example we don't know 1516 01:01:26,230 --> 01:01:24,000 what the dark matter is 1517 01:01:27,349 --> 01:01:26,240 and we are searching in the dark and we 1518 01:01:29,190 --> 01:01:27,359 waste you know we 1519 01:01:30,950 --> 01:01:29,200 spent hundreds of millions of dollars 1520 01:01:32,710 --> 01:01:30,960 searching for particular types of dark 1521 01:01:34,549 --> 01:01:32,720 matter we haven't found anything 1522 01:01:36,710 --> 01:01:34,559 nobody complains you know that's part of 1523 01:01:38,630 --> 01:01:36,720 the scientific endeavor sometimes you go 1524 01:01:41,430 --> 01:01:38,640 in directions that do not prove you 1525 01:01:42,870 --> 01:01:41,440 fruitful but the dark matter frankly 1526 01:01:43,510 --> 01:01:42,880 that the nature of the dark matter will 1527 01:01:46,549 --> 01:01:43,520 have zero 1528 01:01:47,670 --> 01:01:46,559 impact on our lives and if we find that 1529 01:01:49,510 --> 01:01:47,680 omomua 1530 01:01:51,670 --> 01:01:49,520 was a technological relic that would 1531 01:01:54,789 --> 01:01:51,680 have a huge impact on society 1532 01:01:57,589 --> 01:01:54,799 so we should fund the search for relics 1533 01:01:59,670 --> 01:01:57,599 in space which i call space archaeology 1534 01:02:01,109 --> 01:01:59,680 we should fund it at least at the level 1535 01:02:01,750 --> 01:02:01,119 that we're funding the search for dark 1536 01:02:04,549 --> 01:02:01,760 matter 1537 01:02:05,990 --> 01:02:04,559 or the search for gravitational waves uh 1538 01:02:08,150 --> 01:02:06,000 in my opinion should be funded 1539 01:02:10,150 --> 01:02:08,160 even more given the public's interest 1540 01:02:11,270 --> 01:02:10,160 and by the way it would make science 1541 01:02:13,029 --> 01:02:11,280 exciting 1542 01:02:14,789 --> 01:02:13,039 why should science be boring why should 1543 01:02:16,470 --> 01:02:14,799 we always talk about concepts the public 1544 01:02:19,430 --> 01:02:16,480 doesn't really care about 1545 01:02:20,069 --> 01:02:19,440 you bring up one of the best points ever 1546 01:02:23,670 --> 01:02:20,079 science 1547 01:02:26,470 --> 01:02:23,680 is nothing but a series of corrections 1548 01:02:26,870 --> 01:02:26,480 that's what it is right we move forward 1549 01:02:31,990 --> 01:02:26,880 we're 1550 01:02:34,069 --> 01:02:32,000 and it's a learning experience you know 1551 01:02:34,870 --> 01:02:34,079 that's that's the way kids learn by the 1552 01:02:37,029 --> 01:02:34,880 way they 1553 01:02:38,789 --> 01:02:37,039 they put some skin in the game and 1554 01:02:39,430 --> 01:02:38,799 that's what literally speaking that's 1555 01:02:41,430 --> 01:02:39,440 why they get 1556 01:02:42,710 --> 01:02:41,440 bruised you know they try things that do 1557 01:02:43,990 --> 01:02:42,720 not work out and 1558 01:02:45,750 --> 01:02:44,000 you know that's the way science should 1559 01:02:47,349 --> 01:02:45,760 be done we should it's a learning 1560 01:02:49,029 --> 01:02:47,359 experience we learn about the world we 1561 01:02:50,710 --> 01:02:49,039 don't know in advance everything and we 1562 01:02:53,430 --> 01:02:50,720 make mistakes along the way 1563 01:02:54,069 --> 01:02:53,440 what's the problem it's not about us 1564 01:02:55,829 --> 01:02:54,079 it's about 1565 01:02:57,750 --> 01:02:55,839 nature we are trying to figure out 1566 01:02:59,589 --> 01:02:57,760 nature so let's 1567 01:03:01,270 --> 01:02:59,599 collect as much evidence as possible 1568 01:03:05,430 --> 01:03:01,280 about whether we have neighbors 1569 01:03:06,390 --> 01:03:05,440 in our cosmic street it's a fundamental 1570 01:03:08,870 --> 01:03:06,400 question 1571 01:03:10,870 --> 01:03:08,880 and why would would we assume that that 1572 01:03:14,069 --> 01:03:10,880 there are no neighbors 1573 01:03:15,990 --> 01:03:14,079 now speaking of funding and another 1574 01:03:18,870 --> 01:03:16,000 strange coincidence and you can 1575 01:03:20,230 --> 01:03:18,880 you can giggle if you want but i noticed 1576 01:03:23,670 --> 01:03:20,240 this 1577 01:03:25,430 --> 01:03:23,680 in the movie contact which is uh 1578 01:03:26,789 --> 01:03:25,440 fundamentally you know it's carl sagan 1579 01:03:29,829 --> 01:03:26,799 of course but 1580 01:03:31,430 --> 01:03:29,839 um it's a movie about funding and and 1581 01:03:34,309 --> 01:03:31,440 funding getting cut back 1582 01:03:35,510 --> 01:03:34,319 and and how to make contact and and get 1583 01:03:39,589 --> 01:03:35,520 the funding done again 1584 01:03:39,990 --> 01:03:39,599 but it was also about the signals coming 1585 01:03:43,990 --> 01:03:40,000 from 1586 01:03:47,349 --> 01:03:44,000 vega and omo omua as i'm looking at the 1587 01:03:48,230 --> 01:03:47,359 data it apparently came from the 1588 01:03:51,589 --> 01:03:48,240 direction 1589 01:03:53,349 --> 01:03:51,599 of vega and i had to stop and think 1590 01:03:56,630 --> 01:03:53,359 about that for a second 1591 01:04:00,549 --> 01:03:56,640 have you thought about where the 1592 01:04:03,589 --> 01:04:00,559 origins of omumua may have been 1593 01:04:05,829 --> 01:04:03,599 um yeah but the the fact that it was 1594 01:04:06,710 --> 01:04:05,839 at rest in the local standard of res 1595 01:04:09,029 --> 01:04:06,720 means that 1596 01:04:10,950 --> 01:04:09,039 we cannot really associate it with any 1597 01:04:13,349 --> 01:04:10,960 star because stars are moving relative 1598 01:04:14,950 --> 01:04:13,359 to that frame and you would expect 1599 01:04:16,789 --> 01:04:14,960 an object that comes from one of the 1600 01:04:20,069 --> 01:04:16,799 nearby stars to inherit 1601 01:04:23,270 --> 01:04:20,079 its speed and then 1602 01:04:25,990 --> 01:04:23,280 i think there is you know we we simply 1603 01:04:27,589 --> 01:04:26,000 cannot associate this object with any 1604 01:04:30,230 --> 01:04:27,599 particular star 1605 01:04:32,630 --> 01:04:30,240 and the direction of vega is simply the 1606 01:04:35,349 --> 01:04:32,640 direction that the sun is moving 1607 01:04:37,349 --> 01:04:35,359 towards in the local standard forest and 1608 01:04:37,750 --> 01:04:37,359 as i mentioned this object was at rest 1609 01:04:40,470 --> 01:04:37,760 and 1610 01:04:42,390 --> 01:04:40,480 we just bumped into it so we are moving 1611 01:04:43,109 --> 01:04:42,400 in that direction that's why we saw this 1612 01:04:45,829 --> 01:04:43,119 object coming 1613 01:04:46,390 --> 01:04:45,839 towards us from that direction so uh it 1614 01:04:49,829 --> 01:04:46,400 didn't 1615 01:04:53,109 --> 01:04:49,839 originate from vega which is what 1616 01:04:56,390 --> 01:04:53,119 the the the press release on this 1617 01:04:57,270 --> 01:04:56,400 would would have implied that no no it 1618 01:04:59,670 --> 01:04:57,280 didn't and 1619 01:05:01,430 --> 01:04:59,680 the other point to keep in mind is uh 1620 01:05:02,150 --> 01:05:01,440 you know the outskirts of the solar 1621 01:05:04,309 --> 01:05:02,160 system 1622 01:05:05,270 --> 01:05:04,319 uh are defined by the so-called oort 1623 01:05:08,789 --> 01:05:05,280 cloud 1624 01:05:09,910 --> 01:05:08,799 that's a roughly a spherical region 1625 01:05:12,549 --> 01:05:09,920 around the 1626 01:05:14,950 --> 01:05:12,559 the sun that is a hundred thousand times 1627 01:05:17,990 --> 01:05:14,960 bigger than the earth sun separation 1628 01:05:20,069 --> 01:05:18,000 where you have rocks left over from the 1629 01:05:21,990 --> 01:05:20,079 formation process of the solar system 1630 01:05:23,109 --> 01:05:22,000 being scattered and sort of like the 1631 01:05:25,990 --> 01:05:23,119 building blocks the 1632 01:05:26,789 --> 01:05:26,000 the lego pieces of the planets that were 1633 01:05:28,630 --> 01:05:26,799 scattered 1634 01:05:31,510 --> 01:05:28,640 out to that distance a hundred thousand 1635 01:05:34,309 --> 01:05:31,520 times the earth sun separation and 1636 01:05:35,670 --> 01:05:34,319 uh it's roughly halfway to the nearest 1637 01:05:39,349 --> 01:05:35,680 star system 1638 01:05:40,150 --> 01:05:39,359 so if every star has an odd cloud like 1639 01:05:42,870 --> 01:05:40,160 that 1640 01:05:44,789 --> 01:05:42,880 these odd clouds are touching each other 1641 01:05:47,990 --> 01:05:44,799 they are sort of like 1642 01:05:51,270 --> 01:05:48,000 densely packed billiard balls so 1643 01:05:54,470 --> 01:05:51,280 just imagine going in some direction 1644 01:05:56,549 --> 01:05:54,480 in the sky you will pierce through in 1645 01:06:00,069 --> 01:05:56,559 any direction you will pierce through 1646 01:06:00,630 --> 01:06:00,079 lots of these old clouds a large number 1647 01:06:02,309 --> 01:06:00,640 of them 1648 01:06:04,549 --> 01:06:02,319 and you would never be able to figure 1649 01:06:05,589 --> 01:06:04,559 out which ore cloud the object you're 1650 01:06:07,510 --> 01:06:05,599 looking at 1651 01:06:09,029 --> 01:06:07,520 came from because it could have come 1652 01:06:11,029 --> 01:06:09,039 from any of those 1653 01:06:12,150 --> 01:06:11,039 and therefore i think it's completely 1654 01:06:15,270 --> 01:06:12,160 hopeless 1655 01:06:18,309 --> 01:06:15,280 to try and associate an interstellar 1656 01:06:21,589 --> 01:06:18,319 object with a particular star 1657 01:06:24,870 --> 01:06:21,599 is the origin in in 1658 01:06:28,150 --> 01:06:24,880 in another aspect of this 1659 01:06:29,589 --> 01:06:28,160 when uh something is approaching with 1660 01:06:32,950 --> 01:06:29,599 this is the first time 1661 01:06:35,990 --> 01:06:32,960 uh uh from interstellar space 1662 01:06:38,150 --> 01:06:36,000 how easy is it to detect because 1663 01:06:39,190 --> 01:06:38,160 it would need to reflect light from the 1664 01:06:41,750 --> 01:06:39,200 sun for us 1665 01:06:43,750 --> 01:06:41,760 to see it optically and that would be 1666 01:06:45,510 --> 01:06:43,760 very difficult you know going out into 1667 01:06:48,309 --> 01:06:45,520 the kuiper belt and beyond 1668 01:06:48,870 --> 01:06:48,319 nothing would reflect how do we detect 1669 01:06:50,950 --> 01:06:48,880 something 1670 01:06:53,029 --> 01:06:50,960 else that would approach us from 1671 01:06:55,430 --> 01:06:53,039 interstellar space 1672 01:06:57,349 --> 01:06:55,440 right so it all depends on the size of 1673 01:06:59,750 --> 01:06:57,359 the telescope you're using as to 1674 01:07:01,109 --> 01:06:59,760 you know it's like a light bucket it 1675 01:07:05,029 --> 01:07:01,119 collects light and 1676 01:07:06,950 --> 01:07:05,039 and the pan stars telescope was able to 1677 01:07:08,950 --> 01:07:06,960 detect an object roughly the size of a 1678 01:07:10,470 --> 01:07:08,960 football field which was the size of a 1679 01:07:13,589 --> 01:07:10,480 muammua 1680 01:07:15,109 --> 01:07:13,599 a few hundred feet uh within the orbit 1681 01:07:17,109 --> 01:07:15,119 of the earth around the sun 1682 01:07:19,190 --> 01:07:17,119 okay so that just to give you a ballpark 1683 01:07:20,390 --> 01:07:19,200 number so the reflection of sunlight 1684 01:07:23,109 --> 01:07:20,400 from an object 1685 01:07:24,870 --> 01:07:23,119 of a few hundred feet is detectable by 1686 01:07:25,750 --> 01:07:24,880 an instrument by a telescope like pan 1687 01:07:29,349 --> 01:07:25,760 stars 1688 01:07:31,510 --> 01:07:29,359 and ls i mean the vera rubin observatory 1689 01:07:33,270 --> 01:07:31,520 the next telescope that will come online 1690 01:07:34,630 --> 01:07:33,280 and survey the sky that is much more 1691 01:07:37,910 --> 01:07:34,640 sensitive 1692 01:07:40,309 --> 01:07:37,920 will uh be bigger and 1693 01:07:41,430 --> 01:07:40,319 and could detect things farther away of 1694 01:07:43,270 --> 01:07:41,440 this size 1695 01:07:45,510 --> 01:07:43,280 now there may be many more objects that 1696 01:07:48,870 --> 01:07:45,520 are smaller passing through 1697 01:07:52,390 --> 01:07:48,880 and fewer objects that are bigger but 1698 01:07:54,549 --> 01:07:52,400 they get dimmer inversely with 1699 01:07:56,069 --> 01:07:54,559 distance to the fourth power very 1700 01:07:59,270 --> 01:07:56,079 quickly right so for example 1701 01:08:01,029 --> 01:07:59,280 um now is a million times fainter than 1702 01:08:02,069 --> 01:08:01,039 when it was close to earth we can't 1703 01:08:04,150 --> 01:08:02,079 really see it 1704 01:08:05,670 --> 01:08:04,160 with any telescope right now and there 1705 01:08:07,829 --> 01:08:05,680 is no point in chasing it 1706 01:08:08,950 --> 01:08:07,839 because as i said before you know there 1707 01:08:11,510 --> 01:08:08,960 would be more 1708 01:08:12,470 --> 01:08:11,520 coming our way and we just need to wait 1709 01:08:15,829 --> 01:08:12,480 for them 1710 01:08:16,390 --> 01:08:15,839 uh so you know when i go to the kitchen 1711 01:08:21,749 --> 01:08:16,400 i 1712 01:08:24,309 --> 01:08:21,759 there must be many more ants out there 1713 01:08:25,590 --> 01:08:24,319 and the same is true about the objects 1714 01:08:27,829 --> 01:08:25,600 of the type of 1715 01:08:29,829 --> 01:08:27,839 there must be many more passing through 1716 01:08:32,229 --> 01:08:29,839 and instead of obsessing on 1717 01:08:33,189 --> 01:08:32,239 any particular one of them we should 1718 01:08:36,229 --> 01:08:33,199 search for more 1719 01:08:38,309 --> 01:08:36,239 and find them and then send a camera 1720 01:08:41,349 --> 01:08:38,319 that will give us photographs now 1721 01:08:44,630 --> 01:08:41,359 you had indicated earlier uh omumu 1722 01:08:46,870 --> 01:08:44,640 being uh sort of static and like a buoy 1723 01:08:51,189 --> 01:08:46,880 in the ocean 1724 01:08:54,070 --> 01:08:51,199 right now you just stated chasing it 1725 01:08:56,709 --> 01:08:54,080 is it still static is it the is it the 1726 01:08:57,990 --> 01:08:56,719 the speed of our solar system and it is 1727 01:09:02,550 --> 01:08:58,000 traveling 1728 01:09:05,990 --> 01:09:02,560 that causes the motion of omua 1729 01:09:08,149 --> 01:09:06,000 well we actually gave it a kick right 1730 01:09:10,630 --> 01:09:08,159 when it came close to the sun sort of 1731 01:09:14,149 --> 01:09:10,640 like giving a kick to a buoy 1732 01:09:16,470 --> 01:09:14,159 when a ship runs into it 1733 01:09:18,789 --> 01:09:16,480 we didn't really collide with it but the 1734 01:09:21,269 --> 01:09:18,799 gravitational force of the sun 1735 01:09:23,030 --> 01:09:21,279 deflected it gave it a kick and right 1736 01:09:25,189 --> 01:09:23,040 now it's not in the local standard of 1737 01:09:29,749 --> 01:09:25,199 rest anymore because we kicked it 1738 01:09:33,430 --> 01:09:29,759 uh so it's moving away uh and 1739 01:09:35,349 --> 01:09:33,440 so you know this object is 1740 01:09:38,470 --> 01:09:35,359 running out of the solar system at an 1741 01:09:39,990 --> 01:09:38,480 enhanced speed and 1742 01:09:41,829 --> 01:09:40,000 again it doesn't have a special 1743 01:09:44,870 --> 01:09:41,839 significance 1744 01:09:46,789 --> 01:09:44,880 but there are many more objects that 1745 01:09:49,910 --> 01:09:46,799 should come our way in the future 1746 01:09:50,630 --> 01:09:49,920 now uh how many are undetected i i know 1747 01:09:53,749 --> 01:09:50,640 that's a 1748 01:09:56,149 --> 01:09:53,759 a hypothetical but well 1749 01:09:58,070 --> 01:09:56,159 so with it depends again on the 1750 01:09:59,830 --> 01:09:58,080 telescope with pan stars anything much 1751 01:10:02,630 --> 01:09:59,840 smaller than omomoa 1752 01:10:04,470 --> 01:10:02,640 would not be detectable uh roughly at a 1753 01:10:05,990 --> 01:10:04,480 fraction of the earth sun separation it 1754 01:10:07,910 --> 01:10:06,000 wouldn't be detectable 1755 01:10:09,830 --> 01:10:07,920 there might be a lot of those that are 1756 01:10:12,550 --> 01:10:09,840 smaller you know something like 1757 01:10:14,229 --> 01:10:12,560 um you know the size of a person would 1758 01:10:14,950 --> 01:10:14,239 not be detectable and maybe there are 1759 01:10:16,790 --> 01:10:14,960 lots of 1760 01:10:18,550 --> 01:10:16,800 things like it passing through you know 1761 01:10:20,709 --> 01:10:18,560 a spacecraft as small as that 1762 01:10:22,870 --> 01:10:20,719 or something that is moving very fast 1763 01:10:24,550 --> 01:10:22,880 you know at a fraction of the speed of 1764 01:10:25,669 --> 01:10:24,560 light like the light sails we are 1765 01:10:28,709 --> 01:10:25,679 planning to 1766 01:10:29,270 --> 01:10:28,719 to launch with the starshot initiative 1767 01:10:31,030 --> 01:10:29,280 and 1768 01:10:32,790 --> 01:10:31,040 you know that that will not be 1769 01:10:33,910 --> 01:10:32,800 detectable because it would move too 1770 01:10:35,430 --> 01:10:33,920 fast and and 1771 01:10:37,030 --> 01:10:35,440 currently astronomers would simply 1772 01:10:39,030 --> 01:10:37,040 ignore it so 1773 01:10:40,630 --> 01:10:39,040 you know there might be a lot of stuff 1774 01:10:41,750 --> 01:10:40,640 flying through the solar system that we 1775 01:10:44,070 --> 01:10:41,760 haven't yet 1776 01:10:46,070 --> 01:10:44,080 detected and that's why it's good to 1777 01:10:47,910 --> 01:10:46,080 deploy a lot of cameras 1778 01:10:49,910 --> 01:10:47,920 within the orbit of the earth around the 1779 01:10:51,430 --> 01:10:49,920 sun because maybe we will see things we 1780 01:10:54,390 --> 01:10:51,440 haven't seen before 1781 01:10:55,910 --> 01:10:54,400 now the universe is a big place right we 1782 01:10:58,950 --> 01:10:55,920 we understand this 1783 01:11:02,790 --> 01:10:58,960 but the milky way is also 1784 01:11:05,910 --> 01:11:02,800 very big it is it is huge it's 150 1785 01:11:07,189 --> 01:11:05,920 000 light years across it's not a small 1786 01:11:10,950 --> 01:11:07,199 environment 1787 01:11:13,350 --> 01:11:10,960 but the odds of something finding 1788 01:11:14,229 --> 01:11:13,360 our solar system and cruising by our 1789 01:11:17,030 --> 01:11:14,239 planet 1790 01:11:18,950 --> 01:11:17,040 i think uh is is a huge number i don't i 1791 01:11:22,229 --> 01:11:18,960 don't know how big that number is 1792 01:11:24,070 --> 01:11:22,239 but is what it did was it was it 1793 01:11:26,550 --> 01:11:24,080 finding us was do you think it was 1794 01:11:29,750 --> 01:11:26,560 actually sent here 1795 01:11:32,229 --> 01:11:29,760 so if it's um just space trash you know 1796 01:11:34,070 --> 01:11:32,239 something most of the stars in the milky 1797 01:11:35,110 --> 01:11:34,080 way galaxy formed billions of years 1798 01:11:36,550 --> 01:11:35,120 before the sun 1799 01:11:38,790 --> 01:11:36,560 so if they had a technological 1800 01:11:41,110 --> 01:11:38,800 civilization similar to ours 1801 01:11:42,630 --> 01:11:41,120 you know it may be dead by now and it 1802 01:11:44,870 --> 01:11:42,640 produced the 1803 01:11:47,110 --> 01:11:44,880 probes like voyager 1 voyager 2 and 1804 01:11:49,189 --> 01:11:47,120 others that were sent into space and 1805 01:11:51,189 --> 01:11:49,199 are not operational anymore you know 1806 01:11:52,790 --> 01:11:51,199 imagine voyager a billion years from now 1807 01:11:55,030 --> 01:11:52,800 it will not really work 1808 01:11:57,590 --> 01:11:55,040 um so most of it would be just space 1809 01:12:00,390 --> 01:11:57,600 trash most of the equipment we find and 1810 01:12:01,430 --> 01:12:00,400 that would be my natural expectations so 1811 01:12:04,470 --> 01:12:01,440 in that case 1812 01:12:06,390 --> 01:12:04,480 um you know it would still 1813 01:12:07,990 --> 01:12:06,400 indicate that there was a civilization 1814 01:12:10,709 --> 01:12:08,000 that sent it 1815 01:12:11,189 --> 01:12:10,719 but it wouldn't necessarily spy on us 1816 01:12:13,750 --> 01:12:11,199 and 1817 01:12:15,189 --> 01:12:13,760 or try to gather information but who 1818 01:12:17,430 --> 01:12:15,199 knows you know we need to 1819 01:12:18,550 --> 01:12:17,440 have an open mind and just try to get 1820 01:12:22,630 --> 01:12:18,560 more evidence 1821 01:12:24,630 --> 01:12:22,640 but if it's a random um a population of 1822 01:12:25,110 --> 01:12:24,640 objects on random trajectories you know 1823 01:12:26,950 --> 01:12:25,120 then 1824 01:12:28,390 --> 01:12:26,960 there should be a lot of them right now 1825 01:12:30,229 --> 01:12:28,400 within the solar system 1826 01:12:31,990 --> 01:12:30,239 because we detected one after a few 1827 01:12:32,950 --> 01:12:32,000 years passing within the earth sun 1828 01:12:34,709 --> 01:12:32,960 separation 1829 01:12:35,990 --> 01:12:34,719 there should be of order a quadrillion 1830 01:12:39,669 --> 01:12:36,000 of them inside 1831 01:12:42,870 --> 01:12:39,679 the orc cloud that's 10 to the power 15 1832 01:12:43,590 --> 01:12:42,880 a lot and just like ants in a kitchen 1833 01:12:45,990 --> 01:12:43,600 you know so 1834 01:12:46,709 --> 01:12:46,000 we will find another one in a few years 1835 01:12:49,669 --> 01:12:46,719 and 1836 01:12:50,070 --> 01:12:49,679 so that's why i'm saying uh you know we 1837 01:12:52,070 --> 01:12:50,080 should 1838 01:12:54,470 --> 01:12:52,080 continue to search and find more of the 1839 01:12:57,750 --> 01:12:54,480 same and once we do identify 1840 01:12:59,270 --> 01:12:57,760 objects that look as weird as then we 1841 01:13:02,390 --> 01:12:59,280 can examine you know 1842 01:13:05,750 --> 01:13:02,400 them more carefully unless of course 1843 01:13:07,430 --> 01:13:05,760 the scientific community uh uh 1844 01:13:08,790 --> 01:13:07,440 continues to argue that it's always 1845 01:13:09,590 --> 01:13:08,800 rocks and therefore we shouldn't even 1846 01:13:11,990 --> 01:13:09,600 check 1847 01:13:14,310 --> 01:13:12,000 now how many how many trips through the 1848 01:13:17,350 --> 01:13:14,320 solar system interstellar wise 1849 01:13:18,390 --> 01:13:17,360 is it going to take for for science to 1850 01:13:22,310 --> 01:13:18,400 wake up 1851 01:13:22,950 --> 01:13:22,320 right once okay twice is is it is it 1852 01:13:26,310 --> 01:13:22,960 three 1853 01:13:27,510 --> 01:13:26,320 four five i hope i hope it's only once 1854 01:13:28,950 --> 01:13:27,520 because uh 1855 01:13:30,950 --> 01:13:28,960 you know that would be the intelligent 1856 01:13:33,669 --> 01:13:30,960 thing to do that 1857 01:13:33,990 --> 01:13:33,679 we you know we it's a wake-up call for 1858 01:13:37,910 --> 01:13:34,000 us 1859 01:13:40,550 --> 01:13:37,920 to uh start doing space archaeology 1860 01:13:42,790 --> 01:13:40,560 you know we in the past for 70 years 1861 01:13:44,790 --> 01:13:42,800 we've been searching for radio signals 1862 01:13:46,070 --> 01:13:44,800 uh and that's just like trying to have a 1863 01:13:48,070 --> 01:13:46,080 phone conversation with 1864 01:13:49,830 --> 01:13:48,080 with another civilization and it 1865 01:13:50,950 --> 01:13:49,840 requires that the counterpart would be 1866 01:13:52,790 --> 01:13:50,960 alive 1867 01:13:54,630 --> 01:13:52,800 uh we cannot have a phone conversation 1868 01:13:55,350 --> 01:13:54,640 with the mayans the mayan culture is 1869 01:13:57,669 --> 01:13:55,360 dead and 1870 01:13:58,630 --> 01:13:57,679 not around anymore and but we can learn 1871 01:14:00,630 --> 01:13:58,640 about them from 1872 01:14:02,470 --> 01:14:00,640 archaeological digs you know we can find 1873 01:14:04,310 --> 01:14:02,480 the relics they're left behind 1874 01:14:05,669 --> 01:14:04,320 and in much the same way we can look for 1875 01:14:08,229 --> 01:14:05,679 relics in space 1876 01:14:08,870 --> 01:14:08,239 i call that space archaeology and i do 1877 01:14:11,110 --> 01:14:08,880 think that 1878 01:14:12,070 --> 01:14:11,120 just like archaeology on earth is a 1879 01:14:14,470 --> 01:14:12,080 mainstream 1880 01:14:16,790 --> 01:14:14,480 activity in why every campus university 1881 01:14:18,149 --> 01:14:16,800 campus has some archaeologists 1882 01:14:20,070 --> 01:14:18,159 the same should be true for space 1883 01:14:20,709 --> 01:14:20,080 archaeology in the future there should 1884 01:14:23,830 --> 01:14:20,719 be 1885 01:14:26,870 --> 01:14:23,840 experts in looking for 1886 01:14:30,229 --> 01:14:26,880 you know debris or relics 1887 01:14:33,430 --> 01:14:30,239 of other civilizations in space uh 1888 01:14:35,669 --> 01:14:33,440 in every university in the future now 1889 01:14:37,350 --> 01:14:35,679 let's let's let's examine something for 1890 01:14:40,070 --> 01:14:37,360 a second in 1995 1891 01:14:41,830 --> 01:14:40,080 talking about the way all of this is 1892 01:14:44,149 --> 01:14:41,840 starting to come to the surface when it 1893 01:14:47,830 --> 01:14:44,159 comes to science and astronomy 1894 01:14:51,830 --> 01:14:47,840 1995 one exoplanet 1895 01:14:54,790 --> 01:14:51,840 right a few years later we had five 1896 01:14:55,270 --> 01:14:54,800 today in 2021 we've got what five 1897 01:14:57,750 --> 01:14:55,280 thousand 1898 01:14:59,430 --> 01:14:57,760 waiting to be cataloged right that's 1899 01:15:02,550 --> 01:14:59,440 where we are today 1900 01:15:05,510 --> 01:15:02,560 and the general conversation is 1901 01:15:06,470 --> 01:15:05,520 every star you see in the sky has got a 1902 01:15:10,390 --> 01:15:06,480 planet 1903 01:15:13,830 --> 01:15:10,400 and now these numbers are getting into 1904 01:15:14,950 --> 01:15:13,840 the tens of billions just in our milky 1905 01:15:17,830 --> 01:15:14,960 way 1906 01:15:19,510 --> 01:15:17,840 what does this do for for science and 1907 01:15:21,110 --> 01:15:19,520 funding and looking to the future i 1908 01:15:22,390 --> 01:15:21,120 think it's the best day to be an 1909 01:15:24,310 --> 01:15:22,400 astronomer 1910 01:15:26,870 --> 01:15:24,320 just go ahead and go to work tonight 1911 01:15:28,790 --> 01:15:26,880 you're going to discover a planet right 1912 01:15:30,390 --> 01:15:28,800 well there are two important lessons 1913 01:15:31,590 --> 01:15:30,400 from what happened in the field of 1914 01:15:35,030 --> 01:15:31,600 exoplanets 1915 01:15:37,189 --> 01:15:35,040 the first lesson is in 1952 there was an 1916 01:15:40,709 --> 01:15:37,199 astronomer named otto struve 1917 01:15:43,350 --> 01:15:40,719 who said imagine a planet like jupiter 1918 01:15:45,590 --> 01:15:43,360 being very close to a star like the sun 1919 01:15:47,110 --> 01:15:45,600 in that case it will tag the star back 1920 01:15:49,510 --> 01:15:47,120 and forth 1921 01:15:51,430 --> 01:15:49,520 in a way that we can measure because 1922 01:15:54,149 --> 01:15:51,440 it's so close to the star 1923 01:15:55,990 --> 01:15:54,159 and also it will have a higher chance of 1924 01:15:58,070 --> 01:15:56,000 coming in front of the star and blocking 1925 01:15:59,910 --> 01:15:58,080 a little bit of the starlight so we can 1926 01:16:03,030 --> 01:15:59,920 detect that as well 1927 01:16:04,870 --> 01:16:03,040 and for four decades uh 1928 01:16:07,030 --> 01:16:04,880 astronomers on time allocation 1929 01:16:10,070 --> 01:16:07,040 committees on major telescopes 1930 01:16:13,030 --> 01:16:10,080 refused to allow time 1931 01:16:15,270 --> 01:16:13,040 on telescopes to search for such systems 1932 01:16:16,950 --> 01:16:15,280 because they argued we know why jupiter 1933 01:16:18,709 --> 01:16:16,960 is so far from the sun you wouldn't 1934 01:16:21,430 --> 01:16:18,719 expect any other star to have a 1935 01:16:24,630 --> 01:16:21,440 jupiter-like planet so close to it 1936 01:16:26,390 --> 01:16:24,640 uh and only in 1995 the first such 1937 01:16:28,709 --> 01:16:26,400 system was discovered 1938 01:16:31,030 --> 01:16:28,719 so you might say and and then of course 1939 01:16:32,790 --> 01:16:31,040 the nobel prize was awarded for it a few 1940 01:16:35,830 --> 01:16:32,800 years ago in physics 1941 01:16:38,149 --> 01:16:35,840 uh and and that opened up a whole new 1942 01:16:40,310 --> 01:16:38,159 field of exoplanet searches 1943 01:16:42,709 --> 01:16:40,320 uh you might say okay well eventually 1944 01:16:44,709 --> 01:16:42,719 scientists arrived at this discovery it 1945 01:16:45,510 --> 01:16:44,719 took four decades but eventually it 1946 01:16:47,750 --> 01:16:45,520 happened 1947 01:16:49,590 --> 01:16:47,760 well first of all what about the wasted 1948 01:16:51,430 --> 01:16:49,600 time you know in those four decades we 1949 01:16:53,669 --> 01:16:51,440 could have made a lot of progress 1950 01:16:54,950 --> 01:16:53,679 and second this is a baby that was 1951 01:16:56,630 --> 01:16:54,960 barely born 1952 01:16:59,270 --> 01:16:56,640 what about all these babies that were 1953 01:17:01,910 --> 01:16:59,280 never born the unborn babies 1954 01:17:04,070 --> 01:17:01,920 so that's lesson number one that it's 1955 01:17:04,950 --> 01:17:04,080 really you know science is not efficient 1956 01:17:08,950 --> 01:17:04,960 the way that 1957 01:17:12,470 --> 01:17:08,960 the mainstream uh you know approach to 1958 01:17:15,669 --> 01:17:12,480 innovative ideas is handled right now um 1959 01:17:18,310 --> 01:17:15,679 and then the second point is that 1960 01:17:20,070 --> 01:17:18,320 you know this uh the one thing we 1961 01:17:22,950 --> 01:17:20,080 learned from the kepler satellite 1962 01:17:26,149 --> 01:17:22,960 um data is that not only that there are 1963 01:17:28,830 --> 01:17:26,159 so many planets out there but 1964 01:17:29,920 --> 01:17:28,840 the chance of having an earth-sized 1965 01:17:31,030 --> 01:17:29,930 planet uh 1966 01:17:33,990 --> 01:17:31,040 [Music] 1967 01:17:35,830 --> 01:17:34,000 the separation the earth is from the sun 1968 01:17:38,310 --> 01:17:35,840 around the sun like star 1969 01:17:39,910 --> 01:17:38,320 is quite substantial it's about 50 plus 1970 01:17:42,229 --> 01:17:39,920 or minus 20 percent 1971 01:17:44,310 --> 01:17:42,239 and you know like half of the sun like 1972 01:17:46,070 --> 01:17:44,320 stars have a planet like the earth and 1973 01:17:47,830 --> 01:17:46,080 that means that not only we are not at 1974 01:17:50,149 --> 01:17:47,840 the center of the universe but 1975 01:17:51,430 --> 01:17:50,159 what we find in our backyard in earth 1976 01:17:53,430 --> 01:17:51,440 sun system 1977 01:17:55,189 --> 01:17:53,440 you know that is very common there are 1978 01:17:56,870 --> 01:17:55,199 billions of those systems in the milky 1979 01:17:59,830 --> 01:17:56,880 way galaxy alone and 1980 01:18:02,149 --> 01:17:59,840 that to me again reiterates the point of 1981 01:18:04,310 --> 01:18:02,159 modesty we should be modest 1982 01:18:05,910 --> 01:18:04,320 because we are not privileged what we 1983 01:18:08,470 --> 01:18:05,920 find in our backyard 1984 01:18:10,390 --> 01:18:08,480 is common is typical so why would we 1985 01:18:12,310 --> 01:18:10,400 assume that we are special and unique 1986 01:18:13,669 --> 01:18:12,320 why would we say that finding evidence 1987 01:18:16,149 --> 01:18:13,679 for others is 1988 01:18:17,669 --> 01:18:16,159 an extraordinary claim it's not an 1989 01:18:19,910 --> 01:18:17,679 extraordinary claim it's we are 1990 01:18:21,030 --> 01:18:19,920 we might be as common as ants are on a 1991 01:18:23,110 --> 01:18:21,040 sidewalk you know 1992 01:18:24,790 --> 01:18:23,120 there were many like us before and we 1993 01:18:30,149 --> 01:18:24,800 should just search for them 1994 01:18:33,510 --> 01:18:30,159 now uh how how amazing is it for you 1995 01:18:34,149 --> 01:18:33,520 um as an astronomer and and doing what 1996 01:18:37,590 --> 01:18:34,159 you do 1997 01:18:40,790 --> 01:18:37,600 to see the numbers multiply 1998 01:18:41,830 --> 01:18:40,800 like they are it seems like now it's 1999 01:18:45,189 --> 01:18:41,840 daily 2000 01:18:47,590 --> 01:18:45,199 it's right it's it's not it's not 2001 01:18:48,950 --> 01:18:47,600 if there are other planets out there 2002 01:18:52,950 --> 01:18:48,960 right now we are talking 2003 01:18:54,950 --> 01:18:52,960 in the billions rocky earth-like planets 2004 01:18:56,390 --> 01:18:54,960 uh the amount of galaxies in the 2005 01:19:00,149 --> 01:18:56,400 universe 2006 01:19:00,870 --> 01:19:00,159 five years ago that conversation was 250 2007 01:19:03,990 --> 01:19:00,880 billion 2008 01:19:06,830 --> 01:19:04,000 now the conversation is a trillion 2009 01:19:08,070 --> 01:19:06,840 right it is constantly increasing every 2010 01:19:11,110 --> 01:19:08,080 day 2011 01:19:11,590 --> 01:19:11,120 yeah well it comes back to the point 2012 01:19:14,790 --> 01:19:11,600 that 2013 01:19:17,270 --> 01:19:14,800 we are not privileged we are not special 2014 01:19:18,790 --> 01:19:17,280 there are many copies of systems that we 2015 01:19:20,470 --> 01:19:18,800 see around us 2016 01:19:22,390 --> 01:19:20,480 and you know that comes back to the 2017 01:19:24,790 --> 01:19:22,400 copernican principle that 2018 01:19:26,790 --> 01:19:24,800 we should never assume that we are at 2019 01:19:28,630 --> 01:19:26,800 the center of things that we are unique 2020 01:19:29,669 --> 01:19:28,640 and special that we are privileged in 2021 01:19:32,229 --> 01:19:29,679 any way 2022 01:19:33,270 --> 01:19:32,239 and it comes back to me as a message 2023 01:19:36,870 --> 01:19:33,280 saying 2024 01:19:39,590 --> 01:19:36,880 let's search for things like us because 2025 01:19:41,270 --> 01:19:39,600 we are not special you know it's just 2026 01:19:44,229 --> 01:19:41,280 like the roman 2027 01:19:44,790 --> 01:19:44,239 caesars used to have a person next to 2028 01:19:48,390 --> 01:19:44,800 them 2029 01:19:51,350 --> 01:19:48,400 mortal 2030 01:19:52,070 --> 01:19:51,360 don't be arrogant because those emperors 2031 01:19:54,229 --> 01:19:52,080 used to 2032 01:19:56,550 --> 01:19:54,239 you know be very arrogant after winning 2033 01:19:58,470 --> 01:19:56,560 a war and they needed someone next to 2034 01:20:01,750 --> 01:19:58,480 them to tell them stay modest 2035 01:20:03,510 --> 01:20:01,760 you are mortal and to me what the the 2036 01:20:06,470 --> 01:20:03,520 the message we get from the sky 2037 01:20:07,830 --> 01:20:06,480 is very similar it says don't feel 2038 01:20:10,390 --> 01:20:07,840 privileged 2039 01:20:12,229 --> 01:20:10,400 you are not unusual you are common and 2040 01:20:13,030 --> 01:20:12,239 we keep getting that message again and 2041 01:20:16,070 --> 01:20:13,040 again you know 2042 01:20:17,189 --> 01:20:16,080 it started with the message galileo got 2043 01:20:18,790 --> 01:20:17,199 through his telescopes 2044 01:20:20,709 --> 01:20:18,800 the earth is not at the center of the 2045 01:20:21,430 --> 01:20:20,719 universe the earth moves around the sun 2046 01:20:23,830 --> 01:20:21,440 okay 2047 01:20:25,669 --> 01:20:23,840 it took a while we accepted that but 2048 01:20:27,510 --> 01:20:25,679 still you know the mainstream of the 2049 01:20:29,590 --> 01:20:27,520 astronomy community is willing maybe to 2050 01:20:31,830 --> 01:20:29,600 entertain the possibility of microbes 2051 01:20:32,950 --> 01:20:31,840 and searching for microbes but why not 2052 01:20:36,310 --> 01:20:32,960 search for things like 2053 01:20:38,629 --> 01:20:36,320 us technological signatures in space 2054 01:20:39,750 --> 01:20:38,639 and by the way it's really difficult to 2055 01:20:41,910 --> 01:20:39,760 find subtle 2056 01:20:43,030 --> 01:20:41,920 effects of microbes on the atmospheres 2057 01:20:45,590 --> 01:20:43,040 of other planets 2058 01:20:47,590 --> 01:20:45,600 it's easier to find for example 2059 01:20:49,750 --> 01:20:47,600 industrial pollution in the atmospheres 2060 01:20:53,350 --> 01:20:49,760 of other planets because that would be 2061 01:20:55,189 --> 01:20:53,360 a clear evidence that there is 2062 01:20:56,470 --> 01:20:55,199 something unnatural out there something 2063 01:20:59,590 --> 01:20:56,480 artificial so 2064 01:21:01,990 --> 01:20:59,600 my point is why what do we lose 2065 01:21:03,270 --> 01:21:02,000 by conducting a search on one of the 2066 01:21:05,990 --> 01:21:03,280 most fundamental questions that will 2067 01:21:08,950 --> 01:21:06,000 have the biggest impact on society 2068 01:21:10,070 --> 01:21:08,960 and that the public supports how how is 2069 01:21:12,070 --> 01:21:10,080 it possible that we are 2070 01:21:13,110 --> 01:21:12,080 at this situation where the scientific 2071 01:21:15,350 --> 01:21:13,120 community resists 2072 01:21:17,110 --> 01:21:15,360 that and ridicules any discussion on 2073 01:21:18,950 --> 01:21:17,120 that let's take a break 2074 01:21:20,629 --> 01:21:18,960 right here we need to get that in this 2075 01:21:21,910 --> 01:21:20,639 is fade to black i'm your host jimmy 2076 01:21:24,390 --> 01:21:21,920 church our guest tonight 2077 01:21:25,390 --> 01:21:24,400 professor avilo we're talking about his 2078 01:21:27,590 --> 01:21:25,400 new book 2079 01:21:45,990 --> 01:21:27,600 extraterrestrial more with avi after 2080 01:21:52,229 --> 01:21:49,110 way out here we listen to jimmy church 2081 01:21:54,070 --> 01:21:52,239 you're listening to fade to black 2082 01:21:56,149 --> 01:21:54,080 always on the edge of the hottest 2083 01:22:14,070 --> 01:21:56,159 alternative talk jimmy church 2084 01:22:18,149 --> 01:22:16,149 do you want to be an official fate or 2085 01:22:20,229 --> 01:22:18,159 not of course you do 2086 01:22:22,830 --> 01:22:20,239 this is jimmy church of fade to black 2087 01:22:25,270 --> 01:22:22,840 just go to our membership section at 2088 01:22:27,189 --> 01:22:25,280 jimmychurchradio.com 2089 01:22:29,030 --> 01:22:27,199 fader knots when you think about the 2090 01:22:30,950 --> 01:22:29,040 future of our country and where we're 2091 01:22:31,830 --> 01:22:30,960 headed do you wonder about the food 2092 01:22:36,070 --> 01:22:31,840 supply 2093 01:22:38,149 --> 01:22:36,080 chain could be disastrous 2094 01:22:40,390 --> 01:22:38,159 and they usually occur with little 2095 01:22:41,510 --> 01:22:40,400 warning that's why the smartest thing 2096 01:22:44,629 --> 01:22:41,520 you can do today 2097 01:22:47,030 --> 01:22:44,639 is to stockpile emergency food water 2098 01:22:47,669 --> 01:22:47,040 and other essentials i personally 2099 01:22:50,229 --> 01:22:47,679 recommend 2100 01:22:52,070 --> 01:22:50,239 my patriot supply they're the nation's 2101 01:22:54,629 --> 01:22:52,080 largest emergency preparedness 2102 01:22:56,149 --> 01:22:54,639 company serving millions of customers 2103 01:22:58,550 --> 01:22:56,159 for more than a decade 2104 01:22:59,590 --> 01:22:58,560 in fact they're the only source my 2105 01:23:02,629 --> 01:22:59,600 family trusts for 2106 01:23:05,750 --> 01:23:02,639 our preparedness plan you should too 2107 01:23:08,310 --> 01:23:05,760 right now save 20 off a full four week 2108 01:23:11,910 --> 01:23:08,320 supply of delicious meals that provide 2 2109 01:23:14,870 --> 01:23:11,920 000 calories a day saving 20 helps too 2110 01:23:16,709 --> 01:23:14,880 doesn't it especially now so go to 2111 01:23:19,590 --> 01:23:16,719 prepare with jimmy.com 2112 01:23:20,629 --> 01:23:19,600 and get ready that's prepare with jimmy 2113 01:23:25,669 --> 01:23:20,639 dot com 2114 01:23:32,149 --> 01:23:29,709 so you love talk radio then you'll love 2115 01:23:33,030 --> 01:23:32,159 talkstreamlive.com talk stream live is 2116 01:23:35,830 --> 01:23:33,040 always on 2117 01:23:37,910 --> 01:23:35,840 24 7 with the best streaming talk shows 2118 01:23:38,709 --> 01:23:37,920 find your favorite talkers and discover 2119 01:23:41,669 --> 01:23:38,719 some new ones 2120 01:23:43,750 --> 01:23:41,679 it's free readily available online or on 2121 01:23:45,830 --> 01:23:43,760 mobile with any smartphone or tablet 2122 01:23:48,550 --> 01:23:45,840 finding your favorite talk shows all in 2123 01:23:51,350 --> 01:23:48,560 one place has gotten a whole lot easier 2124 01:23:53,590 --> 01:23:51,360 just go to talkstreamlive.com be sure to 2125 01:23:56,950 --> 01:23:53,600 download the free apps from google play 2126 01:24:00,229 --> 01:23:56,960 or the itunes app store 2127 01:24:02,140 --> 01:24:00,239 you listen to us and we listen to you 2128 01:24:06,510 --> 01:24:02,150 and so does the c.i.a 2129 01:24:10,229 --> 01:24:06,520 [Music] 2130 01:24:17,030 --> 01:24:12,229 you are listening to fate to black with 2131 01:24:19,590 --> 01:24:17,040 jimmy church on the game changer network 2132 01:24:20,629 --> 01:24:19,600 hi i'm reece evans you're listening to 2133 01:24:23,830 --> 01:24:20,639 jimmy church 2134 01:24:25,110 --> 01:24:23,840 this is revolution the revolution will 2135 01:24:28,830 --> 01:24:25,120 not be televised 2136 01:24:33,270 --> 01:24:28,840 the revolution is on radio 2137 01:25:14,950 --> 01:25:12,950 [Music] 2138 01:25:17,189 --> 01:25:14,960 welcome back fade to black i am your 2139 01:25:19,149 --> 01:25:17,199 host jimmy church tonight professor avi 2140 01:25:20,390 --> 01:25:19,159 lope we're talking about his book 2141 01:25:21,709 --> 01:25:20,400 extraterrestrial 2142 01:25:23,110 --> 01:25:21,719 the links are over at 2143 01:25:24,709 --> 01:25:23,120 jimmychurchradio.com we've got 2144 01:25:27,270 --> 01:25:24,719 everything up in twitter 2145 01:25:28,870 --> 01:25:27,280 a great conversation tonight and right 2146 01:25:30,790 --> 01:25:28,880 before the break avi 2147 01:25:32,149 --> 01:25:30,800 we were talking about the public 2148 01:25:34,709 --> 01:25:32,159 acceptance 2149 01:25:35,750 --> 01:25:34,719 and and there's a little bit going on 2150 01:25:38,709 --> 01:25:35,760 now too 2151 01:25:40,790 --> 01:25:38,719 with mass media and the way that these 2152 01:25:44,629 --> 01:25:40,800 subjects are being reported 2153 01:25:47,830 --> 01:25:44,639 it's never been this free form 2154 01:25:50,550 --> 01:25:47,840 uh with mass media before there's always 2155 01:25:52,629 --> 01:25:50,560 been a lot of ridicule tinfoil hats and 2156 01:25:54,310 --> 01:25:52,639 the conspiracy circles and and 2157 01:25:57,110 --> 01:25:54,320 everything else that comes 2158 01:25:57,910 --> 01:25:57,120 with these subjects today it's not funny 2159 01:26:00,629 --> 01:25:57,920 haha 2160 01:26:01,189 --> 01:26:00,639 anymore and the response that you have 2161 01:26:04,470 --> 01:26:01,199 gotten 2162 01:26:06,870 --> 01:26:04,480 and the support uh from not only 2163 01:26:09,350 --> 01:26:06,880 our community but the rest of the world 2164 01:26:12,390 --> 01:26:09,360 says that we need this information 2165 01:26:14,310 --> 01:26:12,400 and the mass media is giving it to them 2166 01:26:15,669 --> 01:26:14,320 whether it's with fast radio bursts so 2167 01:26:18,790 --> 01:26:15,679 exoplanets and 2168 01:26:19,350 --> 01:26:18,800 and searches and of course uh what's 2169 01:26:21,270 --> 01:26:19,360 going on 2170 01:26:22,790 --> 01:26:21,280 right now with mars and the search for 2171 01:26:25,030 --> 01:26:22,800 life this is 2172 01:26:26,470 --> 01:26:25,040 one of the things that the public wants 2173 01:26:29,990 --> 01:26:26,480 answers to 2174 01:26:30,790 --> 01:26:30,000 isn't it definitely uh just yesterday 2175 01:26:33,910 --> 01:26:30,800 there was a 2176 01:26:38,070 --> 01:26:33,920 youtube video that was posted by vice 2177 01:26:39,910 --> 01:26:38,080 news uh 14 minutes long 2178 01:26:41,510 --> 01:26:39,920 based on an interview with me that took 2179 01:26:44,070 --> 01:26:41,520 place a few weeks ago and 2180 01:26:44,870 --> 01:26:44,080 it within a day it got a quarter of a 2181 01:26:46,950 --> 01:26:44,880 million 2182 01:26:48,070 --> 01:26:46,960 views you know that's amazing that's 2183 01:26:51,350 --> 01:26:48,080 like more than 2184 01:26:53,990 --> 01:26:51,360 a popular song that the 2185 01:26:54,950 --> 01:26:54,000 you know by by popular artist gets in 2186 01:26:56,550 --> 01:26:54,960 one day 2187 01:26:58,310 --> 01:26:56,560 it just shows you how interested the 2188 01:27:01,669 --> 01:26:58,320 public is and 2189 01:27:03,270 --> 01:27:01,679 it was 14 minutes long uh now my book 2190 01:27:06,950 --> 01:27:03,280 also became a bestseller in 2191 01:27:11,189 --> 01:27:06,960 many countries and uh you know i got 2192 01:27:15,510 --> 01:27:14,550 messages from filmmakers and producers 2193 01:27:17,510 --> 01:27:15,520 that 2194 01:27:19,430 --> 01:27:17,520 showed interest in the book and it's 2195 01:27:23,590 --> 01:27:19,440 going out to 26 2196 01:27:27,110 --> 01:27:23,600 editions in 23 languages worldwide and 2197 01:27:30,070 --> 01:27:27,120 i get emails every day i got an email 2198 01:27:31,350 --> 01:27:30,080 a few days ago from malawi in africa 2199 01:27:33,750 --> 01:27:31,360 from a woman that said 2200 01:27:35,910 --> 01:27:33,760 your book is great and uh you know i 2201 01:27:38,790 --> 01:27:35,920 might want to become an astronomer 2202 01:27:39,430 --> 01:27:38,800 and i said to her i said uh you know 2203 01:27:41,270 --> 01:27:39,440 when i 2204 01:27:43,590 --> 01:27:41,280 thought about writing the book i told my 2205 01:27:46,149 --> 01:27:43,600 publisher that my main motivation 2206 01:27:46,950 --> 01:27:46,159 is to convince someone somewhere in the 2207 01:27:49,110 --> 01:27:46,960 world 2208 01:27:51,189 --> 01:27:49,120 to become a scientist and if one person 2209 01:27:54,070 --> 01:27:51,199 does it as a result of reading my book 2210 01:27:54,950 --> 01:27:54,080 i would be satisfied so i asked her are 2211 01:27:58,149 --> 01:27:54,960 you the one 2212 01:28:01,110 --> 01:27:58,159 scientist after reading my book 2213 01:28:03,590 --> 01:28:01,120 and she said maybe and then i got an 2214 01:28:05,669 --> 01:28:03,600 email from 2215 01:28:06,950 --> 01:28:05,679 an undergraduate student in colombia 2216 01:28:09,669 --> 01:28:06,960 saying your book 2217 01:28:11,750 --> 01:28:09,679 changed my life and then i got an email 2218 01:28:13,669 --> 01:28:11,760 from a lawyer in palo alto 2219 01:28:15,669 --> 01:28:13,679 saying keep doing what you're doing it's 2220 01:28:17,830 --> 01:28:15,679 amazing uh you know and i 2221 01:28:19,830 --> 01:28:17,840 i get these emails every day and that 2222 01:28:22,310 --> 01:28:19,840 keeps me going so to speak 2223 01:28:23,510 --> 01:28:22,320 because you know that that was one of 2224 01:28:26,390 --> 01:28:23,520 the important 2225 01:28:28,229 --> 01:28:26,400 uh messages i wanted to convey that 2226 01:28:30,709 --> 01:28:28,239 science can be exciting 2227 01:28:31,750 --> 01:28:30,719 and can be relevant to the public now if 2228 01:28:35,110 --> 01:28:31,760 you get that same 2229 01:28:35,669 --> 01:28:35,120 email uh from brian greene you know let 2230 01:28:39,430 --> 01:28:35,679 me know 2231 01:28:42,629 --> 01:28:39,440 right where no yeah exactly 2232 01:28:44,149 --> 01:28:42,639 and and you know with uh the i i like to 2233 01:28:46,070 --> 01:28:44,159 call them you know the rock star 2234 01:28:48,470 --> 01:28:46,080 physicist out there 2235 01:28:49,430 --> 01:28:48,480 um and they are they've they've got a 2236 01:28:52,709 --> 01:28:49,440 tremendous 2237 01:28:53,189 --> 01:28:52,719 amount of influence and and people hang 2238 01:28:56,629 --> 01:28:53,199 on their 2239 01:28:59,910 --> 01:28:56,639 every word we need to uh 2240 01:29:02,470 --> 01:28:59,920 get them uh uh 2241 01:29:03,110 --> 01:29:02,480 on board how do we do how do we do that 2242 01:29:07,830 --> 01:29:03,120 how do we 2243 01:29:10,950 --> 01:29:07,840 change uh that side of academia 2244 01:29:14,149 --> 01:29:10,960 well rather than engage in uh uh 2245 01:29:14,550 --> 01:29:14,159 you know lengthy discussions that will 2246 01:29:17,830 --> 01:29:14,560 not 2247 01:29:19,910 --> 01:29:17,840 uh end anywhere other you know away from 2248 01:29:21,030 --> 01:29:19,920 their prejudice the simplest way to do 2249 01:29:22,870 --> 01:29:21,040 that is 2250 01:29:24,229 --> 01:29:22,880 getting more evidence you know if we if 2251 01:29:27,270 --> 01:29:24,239 we have a photograph 2252 01:29:28,310 --> 01:29:27,280 of an object like and it doesn't look 2253 01:29:30,870 --> 01:29:28,320 like a rock 2254 01:29:31,510 --> 01:29:30,880 they cannot say anything about it right 2255 01:29:33,189 --> 01:29:31,520 so 2256 01:29:34,950 --> 01:29:33,199 i think what we need is to collect more 2257 01:29:36,790 --> 01:29:34,960 evidence now that of course 2258 01:29:37,990 --> 01:29:36,800 their approach would argue it's always a 2259 01:29:40,790 --> 01:29:38,000 rock we don't need to get 2260 01:29:42,149 --> 01:29:40,800 the evidence uh which is their prejudice 2261 01:29:44,790 --> 01:29:42,159 but somehow you know 2262 01:29:46,550 --> 01:29:44,800 if enough people try to collect the 2263 01:29:47,830 --> 01:29:46,560 evidence just like in the case of hot 2264 01:29:50,790 --> 01:29:47,840 jupiters you know that 2265 01:29:53,030 --> 01:29:50,800 eventually someone observed the system 2266 01:29:54,629 --> 01:29:53,040 that has a jupiter close into a star 2267 01:29:56,149 --> 01:29:54,639 irrespective of what people in the 2268 01:29:57,830 --> 01:29:56,159 mainstream community were saying that 2269 01:29:59,350 --> 01:29:57,840 such a system should not exist 2270 01:30:01,189 --> 01:29:59,360 right and where are all these people 2271 01:30:03,110 --> 01:30:01,199 that argue that it shouldn't exist 2272 01:30:04,950 --> 01:30:03,120 they disappeared suddenly suddenly 2273 01:30:06,070 --> 01:30:04,960 nobody you know everyone was silent 2274 01:30:08,709 --> 01:30:06,080 didn't nobody said 2275 01:30:10,390 --> 01:30:08,719 oh i was wrong nobody would say that you 2276 01:30:13,750 --> 01:30:10,400 know i can give you an exam another 2277 01:30:16,709 --> 01:30:13,760 example in 2013 i gave a lecture at the 2278 01:30:19,030 --> 01:30:16,719 winter school about and the lecture was 2279 01:30:22,550 --> 01:30:19,040 about gravitational waves um 2280 01:30:24,149 --> 01:30:22,560 and then another lecturer that was 20 2281 01:30:25,830 --> 01:30:24,159 years younger than i am so it has 2282 01:30:29,110 --> 01:30:25,840 nothing to do with age 2283 01:30:30,870 --> 01:30:29,120 he stood up and said how dare you waste 2284 01:30:32,470 --> 01:30:30,880 the time of these students 2285 01:30:34,229 --> 01:30:32,480 on a subject that will never be 2286 01:30:37,030 --> 01:30:34,239 important for them 2287 01:30:38,629 --> 01:30:37,040 during their career and you know just a 2288 01:30:41,750 --> 01:30:38,639 couple of years later 2289 01:30:44,070 --> 01:30:41,760 the ligo experiment discovered the first 2290 01:30:45,669 --> 01:30:44,080 gravitational wave signal and that 2291 01:30:47,270 --> 01:30:45,679 opened up a whole new frontier of 2292 01:30:48,950 --> 01:30:47,280 gravitational wave astrophysics the one 2293 01:30:51,910 --> 01:30:48,960 that i was talking about 2294 01:30:52,790 --> 01:30:51,920 and the the same students that were in 2295 01:30:55,910 --> 01:30:52,800 the audience 2296 01:30:58,629 --> 01:30:55,920 were still doing their phd so 2297 01:30:59,510 --> 01:30:58,639 uh that person who said made that 2298 01:31:01,510 --> 01:30:59,520 comment to me 2299 01:31:03,510 --> 01:31:01,520 he sort of disappeared he never you know 2300 01:31:03,990 --> 01:31:03,520 he never said oh i was wrong he sort of 2301 01:31:07,189 --> 01:31:04,000 said 2302 01:31:09,430 --> 01:31:07,199 you know you never hear from him uh so 2303 01:31:10,310 --> 01:31:09,440 the point is once you have conclusive 2304 01:31:12,149 --> 01:31:10,320 evidence 2305 01:31:14,229 --> 01:31:12,159 suddenly all these people that the 2306 01:31:15,669 --> 01:31:14,239 naysayers will disappear 2307 01:31:17,669 --> 01:31:15,679 they will never admit that they were 2308 01:31:19,590 --> 01:31:17,679 wrong they will never say oh 2309 01:31:20,950 --> 01:31:19,600 it's too bad we should not have 2310 01:31:24,790 --> 01:31:20,960 suppressed 2311 01:31:26,709 --> 01:31:24,800 this particular brand of innovation 2312 01:31:28,709 --> 01:31:26,719 you will never find any trace for the 2313 01:31:30,310 --> 01:31:28,719 fact that that they resisted it and 2314 01:31:31,910 --> 01:31:30,320 tried to bully it and try 2315 01:31:33,510 --> 01:31:31,920 you know they would suddenly say oh yeah 2316 01:31:37,350 --> 01:31:33,520 of course why not 2317 01:31:38,390 --> 01:31:37,360 well and that's one of the most valuable 2318 01:31:41,830 --> 01:31:38,400 points 2319 01:31:44,950 --> 01:31:41,840 about science that frustrates me because 2320 01:31:46,310 --> 01:31:44,960 we can go back to you know it's lead by 2321 01:31:49,590 --> 01:31:46,320 example 2322 01:31:53,270 --> 01:31:49,600 albert einstein static universe 2323 01:31:54,709 --> 01:31:53,280 that is what he believed he hangs out 2324 01:31:56,790 --> 01:31:54,719 with edwin hubble 2325 01:31:58,390 --> 01:31:56,800 looks through the telescope edwin says 2326 01:32:00,550 --> 01:31:58,400 hey there's some motion 2327 01:32:02,629 --> 01:32:00,560 right there's some things going on here 2328 01:32:06,550 --> 01:32:02,639 i think you need to check it out 2329 01:32:09,910 --> 01:32:06,560 and einstein went back and said hey 2330 01:32:13,110 --> 01:32:09,920 you know i was wrong the universe 2331 01:32:15,910 --> 01:32:13,120 isn't static the solar system is moving 2332 01:32:17,510 --> 01:32:15,920 there is movement going on up there i 2333 01:32:20,709 --> 01:32:17,520 need to go back and take a look 2334 01:32:22,390 --> 01:32:20,719 and he changed his equations and we 2335 01:32:24,629 --> 01:32:22,400 accepted that 2336 01:32:25,430 --> 01:32:24,639 isn't that a lesson that anybody should 2337 01:32:28,550 --> 01:32:25,440 uh go 2338 01:32:30,870 --> 01:32:28,560 and take a look at today yeah so 2339 01:32:31,750 --> 01:32:30,880 um you know physics is a learning 2340 01:32:33,910 --> 01:32:31,760 experience 2341 01:32:35,910 --> 01:32:33,920 we can be wrong you know making mistakes 2342 01:32:37,910 --> 01:32:35,920 is part of the process 2343 01:32:39,669 --> 01:32:37,920 and as long as you accept it and don't 2344 01:32:40,070 --> 01:32:39,679 take it personally you know it's not 2345 01:32:46,790 --> 01:32:40,080 about 2346 01:32:48,390 --> 01:32:46,800 and right now what happens in academia 2347 01:32:49,990 --> 01:32:48,400 unfortunately is that the 2348 01:32:51,669 --> 01:32:50,000 you know people are motivated they're 2349 01:32:53,350 --> 01:32:51,679 getting rewarded for showing that 2350 01:32:54,870 --> 01:32:53,360 they're smart rather than for finding 2351 01:32:57,669 --> 01:32:54,880 the truth you know and 2352 01:32:59,350 --> 01:32:57,679 as a result they escape into corners 2353 01:32:59,830 --> 01:32:59,360 where they never get tested you know 2354 01:33:03,910 --> 01:32:59,840 they 2355 01:33:05,590 --> 01:33:03,920 intellectual gymnastics and 2356 01:33:07,430 --> 01:33:05,600 you know fancy mathematics and 2357 01:33:09,270 --> 01:33:07,440 demonstrate that they're smart and 2358 01:33:11,910 --> 01:33:09,280 but it doesn't serve any good purpose 2359 01:33:14,070 --> 01:33:11,920 because you know okay they get honors 2360 01:33:14,629 --> 01:33:14,080 awards they belong to honor societies 2361 01:33:16,550 --> 01:33:14,639 but 2362 01:33:18,550 --> 01:33:16,560 they don't necessarily describe nature 2363 01:33:20,229 --> 01:33:18,560 by saying that string theory is right or 2364 01:33:22,870 --> 01:33:20,239 by saying that 2365 01:33:23,510 --> 01:33:22,880 extra dimensions are potentially out 2366 01:33:29,270 --> 01:33:23,520 there 2367 01:33:31,430 --> 01:33:29,280 and who cares that a bunch of physicists 2368 01:33:34,709 --> 01:33:31,440 decides and agrees 2369 01:33:36,629 --> 01:33:34,719 to pursue that as you know a sandbox to 2370 01:33:38,950 --> 01:33:36,639 demonstrate that they are smart 2371 01:33:40,550 --> 01:33:38,960 it's not really relevant what matters is 2372 01:33:42,070 --> 01:33:40,560 you have to put skin in the game you 2373 01:33:44,229 --> 01:33:42,080 have to make predictions 2374 01:33:46,709 --> 01:33:44,239 that are testable that could be proven 2375 01:33:49,350 --> 01:33:46,719 wrong but if they are proven right 2376 01:33:49,990 --> 01:33:49,360 it demonstrates that you are right and 2377 01:33:52,550 --> 01:33:50,000 that's the way 2378 01:33:55,430 --> 01:33:52,560 physics progressed along the years and 2379 01:33:57,430 --> 01:33:55,440 unfortunately now this culture is quite 2380 01:33:59,110 --> 01:33:57,440 dominant you know the culture of not 2381 01:34:01,430 --> 01:33:59,120 testing your ideas 2382 01:34:02,790 --> 01:34:01,440 of just showing that you are smart of 2383 01:34:06,070 --> 01:34:02,800 hanging around with 2384 01:34:09,270 --> 01:34:06,080 like-minded people groupthink uh 2385 01:34:11,750 --> 01:34:09,280 and and ridiculing innovation ridiculing 2386 01:34:13,910 --> 01:34:11,760 thinking outside the box you know and 2387 01:34:16,149 --> 01:34:13,920 it's really unfortunate because academia 2388 01:34:19,030 --> 01:34:16,159 should be the place where innovation 2389 01:34:19,590 --> 01:34:19,040 blossoms you know instead what you find 2390 01:34:25,110 --> 01:34:19,600 is 2391 01:34:25,830 --> 01:34:25,120 you know it's for-profit recognizes the 2392 01:34:29,590 --> 01:34:25,840 value 2393 01:34:31,750 --> 01:34:29,600 taking risks 2394 01:34:34,629 --> 01:34:31,760 and sometimes failing because every now 2395 01:34:37,189 --> 01:34:34,639 and then you discover something new that 2396 01:34:39,270 --> 01:34:37,199 carries a huge revenue that more than 2397 01:34:42,870 --> 01:34:39,280 compensates for the mistakes 2398 01:34:45,270 --> 01:34:42,880 and if the private sector you know apple 2399 01:34:46,870 --> 01:34:45,280 spacex google and so forth have these 2400 01:34:50,070 --> 01:34:46,880 groups of people that 2401 01:34:51,109 --> 01:34:50,080 you know take risks i think you know 2402 01:34:54,149 --> 01:34:51,119 it's a 2403 01:34:55,350 --> 01:34:54,159 red light for academia not to be better 2404 01:34:57,590 --> 01:34:55,360 than that and 2405 01:34:59,430 --> 01:34:57,600 we we are not better than that academia 2406 01:34:59,990 --> 01:34:59,440 is not innovating more than the private 2407 01:35:02,310 --> 01:35:00,000 sector right 2408 01:35:03,510 --> 01:35:02,320 now and it's quite unfortunate it should 2409 01:35:06,870 --> 01:35:03,520 be the other way around 2410 01:35:10,950 --> 01:35:06,880 it's you you said the key word there um 2411 01:35:14,070 --> 01:35:10,960 uh key words thinking outside the box 2412 01:35:17,270 --> 01:35:14,080 that's what moves things forward 2413 01:35:20,229 --> 01:35:17,280 asking questions pondering 2414 01:35:21,270 --> 01:35:20,239 right wondering and trying to figure 2415 01:35:24,310 --> 01:35:21,280 things out 2416 01:35:25,430 --> 01:35:24,320 not staying inside the box in a safe 2417 01:35:28,470 --> 01:35:25,440 zone 2418 01:35:31,590 --> 01:35:28,480 right and let me give you an example 2419 01:35:31,990 --> 01:35:31,600 uh that i mentioned in my book you know 2420 01:35:42,390 --> 01:35:32,000 i 2421 01:35:44,390 --> 01:35:42,400 space 2422 01:35:45,590 --> 01:35:44,400 in the room you know that the ceiling 2423 01:35:47,910 --> 01:35:45,600 was slanted and 2424 01:35:49,270 --> 01:35:47,920 i couldn't really stand up in the shower 2425 01:35:51,990 --> 01:35:49,280 and uh 2426 01:35:54,070 --> 01:35:52,000 i really didn't like that and at some 2427 01:35:56,149 --> 01:35:54,080 point i decided to take a double room 2428 01:35:57,669 --> 01:35:56,159 so that they have more space and when i 2429 01:36:00,070 --> 01:35:57,679 got to the receptionist 2430 01:36:01,750 --> 01:36:00,080 she asked me where is your wife and i 2431 01:36:05,350 --> 01:36:01,760 said that she's not with me 2432 01:36:09,270 --> 01:36:05,360 and then she said okay i'll give you uh 2433 01:36:12,950 --> 01:36:11,669 uh i'll give you a single room uh and i 2434 01:36:14,870 --> 01:36:12,960 said no i'm actually 2435 01:36:16,709 --> 01:36:14,880 interested in having more space and she 2436 01:36:17,109 --> 01:36:16,719 said oh i understand she thought that i 2437 01:36:18,950 --> 01:36:17,119 have 2438 01:36:20,709 --> 01:36:18,960 i'm having an affair or something that i 2439 01:36:21,350 --> 01:36:20,719 need the extra i said no i'm coming from 2440 01:36:24,310 --> 01:36:21,360 the us 2441 01:36:25,830 --> 01:36:24,320 and i'm used to having more space and 2442 01:36:29,750 --> 01:36:25,840 then it's at that point i 2443 01:36:33,590 --> 01:36:29,760 i decided to ask uh my hosts 2444 01:36:36,070 --> 01:36:33,600 as to why is there so little space 2445 01:36:38,950 --> 01:36:36,080 in the hotel rooms uh and they told me 2446 01:36:40,870 --> 01:36:38,960 well we have a rule in this town that 2447 01:36:42,390 --> 01:36:40,880 no building should be taller than the 2448 01:36:44,390 --> 01:36:42,400 church 2449 01:36:46,310 --> 01:36:44,400 and so i thought about it for a second 2450 01:36:49,030 --> 01:36:46,320 and then i said okay why don't you make 2451 01:36:51,270 --> 01:36:49,040 the church taller 2452 01:36:52,310 --> 01:36:51,280 and they said we haven't thought about 2453 01:36:56,950 --> 01:36:52,320 that 2454 01:36:59,109 --> 01:36:56,960 it came to me immediately 2455 01:37:00,390 --> 01:36:59,119 and for centuries they never 2456 01:37:02,229 --> 01:37:00,400 contemplated 2457 01:37:04,310 --> 01:37:02,239 making the church taller so that they 2458 01:37:07,430 --> 01:37:04,320 would have more room 2459 01:37:09,270 --> 01:37:07,440 seems simple to me right 2460 01:37:11,030 --> 01:37:09,280 yeah i mean these ideas come to me 2461 01:37:13,270 --> 01:37:11,040 without much effort and 2462 01:37:14,390 --> 01:37:13,280 i'm really surprised sometimes as to why 2463 01:37:16,950 --> 01:37:14,400 they don't 2464 01:37:17,510 --> 01:37:16,960 they're not recognized by others now i i 2465 01:37:19,990 --> 01:37:17,520 wanted 2466 01:37:22,629 --> 01:37:20,000 to uh talk about the fermi paradox for a 2467 01:37:23,910 --> 01:37:22,639 second and not to go off into the fermi 2468 01:37:27,270 --> 01:37:23,920 paradox 2469 01:37:30,950 --> 01:37:27,280 but where we uh 2470 01:37:34,390 --> 01:37:30,960 stand today when enrico 2471 01:37:36,709 --> 01:37:34,400 first had this thought 2472 01:37:37,750 --> 01:37:36,719 there were no exoplanets we thought the 2473 01:37:40,790 --> 01:37:37,760 solar system 2474 01:37:41,350 --> 01:37:40,800 we were it and and and trying to expand 2475 01:37:44,149 --> 01:37:41,360 on that 2476 01:37:45,750 --> 01:37:44,159 and what stars and all the hypotheticals 2477 01:37:46,870 --> 01:37:45,760 that had to be plugged into the fermi 2478 01:37:49,910 --> 01:37:46,880 paradox 2479 01:37:50,870 --> 01:37:49,920 um made that number what it was back 2480 01:37:53,910 --> 01:37:50,880 then 2481 01:37:54,229 --> 01:37:53,920 today what we with what we understand 2482 01:37:57,830 --> 01:37:54,239 with 2483 01:37:59,750 --> 01:37:57,840 modern astronomy stars the ages of 2484 01:38:00,790 --> 01:37:59,760 things and certainly now the amount of 2485 01:38:03,830 --> 01:38:00,800 planets uh 2486 01:38:06,870 --> 01:38:03,840 in the milky way that changes 2487 01:38:08,870 --> 01:38:06,880 the game completely doesn't it 2488 01:38:10,870 --> 01:38:08,880 yeah but also we know that we are 2489 01:38:12,070 --> 01:38:10,880 developing the means for our own 2490 01:38:13,270 --> 01:38:12,080 destruction you know we have 2491 01:38:15,189 --> 01:38:13,280 technologies that 2492 01:38:16,310 --> 01:38:15,199 were developed over the past century and 2493 01:38:18,950 --> 01:38:16,320 they already 2494 01:38:20,070 --> 01:38:18,960 you know have an effect on the planet 2495 01:38:22,310 --> 01:38:20,080 climate 2496 01:38:23,510 --> 01:38:22,320 and it's possible that the technological 2497 01:38:25,910 --> 01:38:23,520 civilizations 2498 01:38:28,149 --> 01:38:25,920 you know have a short lifetime and so 2499 01:38:31,189 --> 01:38:28,159 the chance of us having a conversation 2500 01:38:33,830 --> 01:38:31,199 with another civilization that is 2501 01:38:35,669 --> 01:38:33,840 as advanced as ours is small because 2502 01:38:39,270 --> 01:38:35,679 they are short-lived 2503 01:38:41,030 --> 01:38:39,280 uh and you know the the fermi paradox 2504 01:38:42,790 --> 01:38:41,040 where is everybody 2505 01:38:44,229 --> 01:38:42,800 is a bit presumptuous you know when i 2506 01:38:47,750 --> 01:38:44,239 met my wife 2507 01:38:50,709 --> 01:38:47,760 uh she had friends that used to wait for 2508 01:38:50,950 --> 01:38:50,719 prince charming on a white horse to come 2509 01:38:55,109 --> 01:38:50,960 and 2510 01:38:58,390 --> 01:38:55,119 that never happened 2511 01:39:02,550 --> 01:38:58,400 so i think it's presumptuous of us to 2512 01:39:05,669 --> 01:39:02,560 assume that we deserve a visit you know 2513 01:39:05,990 --> 01:39:05,679 why should anyone care about us uh you 2514 01:39:08,950 --> 01:39:06,000 know 2515 01:39:10,870 --> 01:39:08,960 probably things like us existed for 2516 01:39:12,310 --> 01:39:10,880 billions of years before us 2517 01:39:14,310 --> 01:39:12,320 and even things that are much more 2518 01:39:16,310 --> 01:39:14,320 advanced than we are you know we 2519 01:39:18,070 --> 01:39:16,320 have become a technological civilization 2520 01:39:19,910 --> 01:39:18,080 only over the past century which is 2521 01:39:22,950 --> 01:39:19,920 really a very short time 2522 01:39:24,470 --> 01:39:22,960 relative to the age of the earth and 2523 01:39:25,830 --> 01:39:24,480 why should we assume that anyone would 2524 01:39:26,709 --> 01:39:25,840 pay attention to us you know we're 2525 01:39:29,750 --> 01:39:26,719 probably 2526 01:39:31,270 --> 01:39:29,760 as common as ants are on a sidewalk 2527 01:39:33,270 --> 01:39:31,280 and when you walk down the street you 2528 01:39:35,510 --> 01:39:33,280 don't pay attention to every ant 2529 01:39:37,590 --> 01:39:35,520 so that would be my first inclination 2530 01:39:39,990 --> 01:39:37,600 and then the other thing to recognize is 2531 01:39:41,990 --> 01:39:40,000 most stars are very different than the 2532 01:39:44,310 --> 01:39:42,000 sun most of them are dwarf stars like 2533 01:39:47,750 --> 01:39:44,320 the nearest star proxima centauri 2534 01:39:49,990 --> 01:39:47,760 and they emit infrared light and 2535 01:39:51,270 --> 01:39:50,000 just imagine those creatures that live 2536 01:39:54,550 --> 01:39:51,280 next to them 2537 01:39:58,229 --> 01:39:54,560 they have infrared eyes and 2538 01:40:00,629 --> 01:39:58,239 no interstellar tourist agency 2539 01:40:01,990 --> 01:40:00,639 would advertise the earth as a desired 2540 01:40:04,390 --> 01:40:02,000 destination because 2541 01:40:05,430 --> 01:40:04,400 all we can offer in our vacation sites 2542 01:40:08,550 --> 01:40:05,440 are 2543 01:40:10,709 --> 01:40:08,560 green grass illuminated by visible light 2544 01:40:11,830 --> 01:40:10,719 and the visible light hurts their eyes 2545 01:40:14,550 --> 01:40:11,840 they are used to 2546 01:40:15,510 --> 01:40:14,560 dark red grass so they would never come 2547 01:40:17,990 --> 01:40:15,520 to visit us 2548 01:40:19,830 --> 01:40:18,000 we have to go out find them and entice 2549 01:40:23,270 --> 01:40:19,840 them to come and visit us 2550 01:40:25,109 --> 01:40:23,280 by offering them a water-based drink 2551 01:40:27,270 --> 01:40:25,119 you know and the other thing to keep in 2552 01:40:28,550 --> 01:40:27,280 mind you know if there are very advanced 2553 01:40:31,750 --> 01:40:28,560 civilizations 2554 01:40:34,390 --> 01:40:31,760 they would perhaps close themselves off 2555 01:40:36,070 --> 01:40:34,400 in a cocoon because any contact with a 2556 01:40:39,189 --> 01:40:36,080 lesser civilization 2557 01:40:40,070 --> 01:40:39,199 would degrade their quality of life and 2558 01:40:41,990 --> 01:40:40,080 so 2559 01:40:43,830 --> 01:40:42,000 you might think oh we will never find 2560 01:40:45,270 --> 01:40:43,840 out about them but that's not true 2561 01:40:47,990 --> 01:40:45,280 because they still throw 2562 01:40:50,070 --> 01:40:48,000 out trash and you know just like 2563 01:40:52,629 --> 01:40:50,080 investigative journalists 2564 01:40:54,149 --> 01:40:52,639 that go through the trash cans of 2565 01:40:56,550 --> 01:40:54,159 celebrities in hollywood 2566 01:40:57,510 --> 01:40:56,560 you know we can look through their trash 2567 01:40:59,510 --> 01:40:57,520 and figure out 2568 01:41:01,109 --> 01:40:59,520 the way they live and that that's 2569 01:41:04,310 --> 01:41:01,119 another reason to 2570 01:41:07,750 --> 01:41:04,320 look for debris in space now 2571 01:41:11,830 --> 01:41:07,760 what if we take that idea and i 2572 01:41:15,109 --> 01:41:11,840 appreciate your view i do but 2573 01:41:18,229 --> 01:41:15,119 millions of people on this planet have 2574 01:41:19,030 --> 01:41:18,239 seen witnessed things that they cannot 2575 01:41:21,189 --> 01:41:19,040 explain 2576 01:41:22,870 --> 01:41:21,199 in the sky going back for millennia this 2577 01:41:25,350 --> 01:41:22,880 isn't a modern thing 2578 01:41:26,790 --> 01:41:25,360 i have seen stuff i'm not going to go 2579 01:41:31,270 --> 01:41:26,800 into right now with you 2580 01:41:33,510 --> 01:41:31,280 avi that truly unexplainable unexplained 2581 01:41:34,550 --> 01:41:33,520 lucky i was lucky right place at the 2582 01:41:37,750 --> 01:41:34,560 right time 2583 01:41:38,070 --> 01:41:37,760 but i can tell you it didn't have wings 2584 01:41:41,750 --> 01:41:38,080 or 2585 01:41:44,070 --> 01:41:41,760 jet engines on it right how do we 2586 01:41:45,910 --> 01:41:44,080 how do we how do we do millions of 2587 01:41:46,470 --> 01:41:45,920 people can't be crazy there's something 2588 01:41:49,590 --> 01:41:46,480 else 2589 01:41:50,310 --> 01:41:49,600 to explain this away yeah so i have a 2590 01:41:52,390 --> 01:41:50,320 simple 2591 01:41:54,070 --> 01:41:52,400 approach to that and you know rather 2592 01:41:56,310 --> 01:41:54,080 than rely on 2593 01:41:58,470 --> 01:41:56,320 you know declassifying documents from 2594 01:42:01,510 --> 01:41:58,480 the pentagon or 2595 01:42:03,669 --> 01:42:01,520 reports from the past that were based on 2596 01:42:05,510 --> 01:42:03,679 instruments that were not really at the 2597 01:42:08,310 --> 01:42:05,520 same quality of the cameras and the 2598 01:42:11,510 --> 01:42:08,320 audio sensors that we have right now 2599 01:42:14,709 --> 01:42:11,520 the best way forward is to 2600 01:42:17,830 --> 01:42:14,719 deploy state-of-the-art instruments 2601 01:42:19,910 --> 01:42:17,840 at the locations where reports came from 2602 01:42:21,350 --> 01:42:19,920 you know and either from military 2603 01:42:23,669 --> 01:42:21,360 personnel or or 2604 01:42:24,629 --> 01:42:23,679 you know private public the general 2605 01:42:26,709 --> 01:42:24,639 public 2606 01:42:28,070 --> 01:42:26,719 and record everything that is happening 2607 01:42:29,830 --> 01:42:28,080 there you know we now have the 2608 01:42:31,189 --> 01:42:29,840 technology that allows us to get much 2609 01:42:33,990 --> 01:42:31,199 better data 2610 01:42:34,870 --> 01:42:34,000 and then just analyze it like a 2611 01:42:37,430 --> 01:42:34,880 scientific 2612 01:42:39,669 --> 01:42:37,440 experiment you know that the essence of 2613 01:42:40,870 --> 01:42:39,679 science is reproducibility the ability 2614 01:42:43,030 --> 01:42:40,880 to reproduce 2615 01:42:44,550 --> 01:42:43,040 phenomena that you know someone claims 2616 01:42:47,189 --> 01:42:44,560 to have seen and we can 2617 01:42:47,990 --> 01:42:47,199 see it again and unless you see it again 2618 01:42:50,550 --> 01:42:48,000 you can't really 2619 01:42:51,830 --> 01:42:50,560 verify that you know what the root of 2620 01:42:54,790 --> 01:42:51,840 what the origin of the 2621 01:42:55,270 --> 01:42:54,800 phenomena is and the way i think of it 2622 01:42:56,950 --> 01:42:55,280 is 2623 01:42:58,629 --> 01:42:56,960 just like you know the biblical story 2624 01:43:01,189 --> 01:42:58,639 about abraham 2625 01:43:03,750 --> 01:43:01,199 that heard the voice of god telling him 2626 01:43:07,270 --> 01:43:03,760 to sacrifice his only son 2627 01:43:09,669 --> 01:43:07,280 isaac if abraham had a cell phone 2628 01:43:10,950 --> 01:43:09,679 with a voice memo up he could have 2629 01:43:13,510 --> 01:43:10,960 pressed the button 2630 01:43:15,030 --> 01:43:13,520 and recorded the voice of god and then 2631 01:43:18,390 --> 01:43:15,040 we wouldn't really need 2632 01:43:20,310 --> 01:43:18,400 to um you know either believe him or not 2633 01:43:22,550 --> 01:43:20,320 believe the story of the eyewitness 2634 01:43:23,910 --> 01:43:22,560 testimony that he provided or 2635 01:43:25,910 --> 01:43:23,920 we we could have listened to the 2636 01:43:27,350 --> 01:43:25,920 recording and that's why scientific 2637 01:43:29,109 --> 01:43:27,360 instrumentation 2638 01:43:30,950 --> 01:43:29,119 is so crucial because it's not 2639 01:43:32,950 --> 01:43:30,960 subjective you know 2640 01:43:34,709 --> 01:43:32,960 we can analyze it just like any 2641 01:43:37,750 --> 01:43:34,719 scientific experiment so 2642 01:43:40,470 --> 01:43:37,760 i'm very much in favor of placing 2643 01:43:42,390 --> 01:43:40,480 instrumentation and searching you know 2644 01:43:44,310 --> 01:43:42,400 for any unusual phenomena 2645 01:43:46,950 --> 01:43:44,320 in those locations where reports came 2646 01:43:50,390 --> 01:43:46,960 from for for unidentified flying objects 2647 01:43:53,510 --> 01:43:50,400 now what do you make of uh the sudden 2648 01:43:55,750 --> 01:43:53,520 conversation that is going on uh with 2649 01:43:57,510 --> 01:43:55,760 the pentagon with the navy the senate 2650 01:44:00,550 --> 01:43:57,520 intelligence committee 2651 01:44:01,430 --> 01:44:00,560 uh the uap task force that is looking 2652 01:44:04,470 --> 01:44:01,440 into this 2653 01:44:07,990 --> 01:44:04,480 unidentified aerial phenomenon that 2654 01:44:09,830 --> 01:44:08,000 this this is something that is uh public 2655 01:44:11,109 --> 01:44:09,840 it's it's never really been this way 2656 01:44:15,750 --> 01:44:11,119 before why 2657 01:44:18,790 --> 01:44:15,760 is the pentagon discussing et's 2658 01:44:20,790 --> 01:44:18,800 in the public right well so so 2659 01:44:21,990 --> 01:44:20,800 the the reason the government the 2660 01:44:25,910 --> 01:44:22,000 pentagon 2661 01:44:28,229 --> 01:44:25,920 uh the military is interested in this 2662 01:44:28,950 --> 01:44:28,239 question of what these reports are about 2663 01:44:31,189 --> 01:44:28,960 is of course 2664 01:44:33,030 --> 01:44:31,199 national security because it's also 2665 01:44:34,310 --> 01:44:33,040 possible that other nations have 2666 01:44:36,950 --> 01:44:34,320 technologies that 2667 01:44:38,229 --> 01:44:36,960 we do not possess and are spying on us 2668 01:44:40,470 --> 01:44:38,239 and we want to know that 2669 01:44:42,229 --> 01:44:40,480 okay so that's why the government would 2670 01:44:44,629 --> 01:44:42,239 be interested in those reports 2671 01:44:46,229 --> 01:44:44,639 and it's not because the government is 2672 01:44:48,310 --> 01:44:46,239 interested in extraterrestrial 2673 01:44:51,830 --> 01:44:48,320 intelligence 2674 01:44:52,790 --> 01:44:51,840 so from the perspective of the 2675 01:44:55,910 --> 01:44:52,800 government 2676 01:44:57,750 --> 01:44:55,920 these unusual phenomena are you know 2677 01:44:59,270 --> 01:44:57,760 need to be investigated just to figure 2678 01:45:02,390 --> 01:44:59,280 out that they do not 2679 01:45:03,030 --> 01:45:02,400 imply some technologies that other 2680 01:45:05,910 --> 01:45:03,040 nations 2681 01:45:07,669 --> 01:45:05,920 possess and from the point of view of 2682 01:45:09,990 --> 01:45:07,679 science and the public of course 2683 01:45:11,590 --> 01:45:10,000 we want to know whether they reflect 2684 01:45:13,430 --> 01:45:11,600 something else 2685 01:45:15,030 --> 01:45:13,440 if they are human-made they would not be 2686 01:45:16,310 --> 01:45:15,040 that interesting if there are natural 2687 01:45:18,390 --> 01:45:16,320 phenomena by nature 2688 01:45:20,870 --> 01:45:18,400 also they would not be that interesting 2689 01:45:21,990 --> 01:45:20,880 so i think the best path forward is 2690 01:45:25,030 --> 01:45:22,000 rather than 2691 01:45:26,470 --> 01:45:25,040 insist on the pentagon releasing the 2692 01:45:28,550 --> 01:45:26,480 data 2693 01:45:31,430 --> 01:45:28,560 using the information is for us to just 2694 01:45:34,629 --> 01:45:31,440 do an open uh scientific 2695 01:45:37,669 --> 01:45:34,639 study of whether there are any unusual 2696 01:45:38,629 --> 01:45:37,679 things happening and you know that will 2697 01:45:40,550 --> 01:45:38,639 give us 2698 01:45:42,149 --> 01:45:40,560 all the info the information will not 2699 01:45:44,149 --> 01:45:42,159 will be open to the public 2700 01:45:45,750 --> 01:45:44,159 and will be based on the best scientific 2701 01:45:47,990 --> 01:45:45,760 instrumentation that we have best 2702 01:45:50,950 --> 01:45:48,000 cameras best audio sensors 2703 01:45:52,310 --> 01:45:50,960 now what is scarier to you what is more 2704 01:45:55,030 --> 01:45:52,320 concerning 2705 01:45:55,750 --> 01:45:55,040 the pilots describing something going 2706 01:45:58,070 --> 01:45:55,760 from 80 2707 01:45:58,950 --> 01:45:58,080 000 feet to sea level in a couple of 2708 01:46:01,669 --> 01:45:58,960 seconds 2709 01:46:02,310 --> 01:46:01,679 uh fly you know the the videos that's 2710 01:46:05,350 --> 01:46:02,320 out there 2711 01:46:08,629 --> 01:46:05,360 and and the radar stuff that 2712 01:46:12,790 --> 01:46:08,639 their testimony has uh has stated 2713 01:46:16,470 --> 01:46:12,800 or it being extraterrestrial 2714 01:46:19,830 --> 01:46:16,480 right is it is it us is it is it 2715 01:46:23,030 --> 01:46:19,840 is it uh weapons or something that china 2716 01:46:28,310 --> 01:46:23,040 or russia would have is that alarming 2717 01:46:32,229 --> 01:46:30,390 of course the et would be more alarming 2718 01:46:34,070 --> 01:46:32,239 because it would imply there is 2719 01:46:35,270 --> 01:46:34,080 something that we fundamentally do not 2720 01:46:37,030 --> 01:46:35,280 understand and they are trying to 2721 01:46:39,350 --> 01:46:37,040 collect information on us and 2722 01:46:40,950 --> 01:46:39,360 you know the realm of possibilities of 2723 01:46:44,149 --> 01:46:40,960 who is behind 2724 01:46:45,990 --> 01:46:44,159 uh such a surveillance or spying 2725 01:46:47,270 --> 01:46:46,000 operation from an extraterrestrial 2726 01:46:50,310 --> 01:46:47,280 civilization 2727 01:46:51,910 --> 01:46:50,320 and what other objectives uh you know 2728 01:46:53,510 --> 01:46:51,920 would be much more alarming because we 2729 01:46:55,430 --> 01:46:53,520 are familiar with the intentions of 2730 01:46:57,590 --> 01:46:55,440 russia and china and 2731 01:46:59,030 --> 01:46:57,600 you know they sound pretty mundane they 2732 01:47:00,709 --> 01:46:59,040 you know they just they have 2733 01:47:02,950 --> 01:47:00,719 their military objectives they want to 2734 01:47:05,030 --> 01:47:02,960 get as much information about us and 2735 01:47:06,870 --> 01:47:05,040 you know and so forth but but with 2736 01:47:08,390 --> 01:47:06,880 respect to another civilization we don't 2737 01:47:10,229 --> 01:47:08,400 really know you know there is a lot of 2738 01:47:11,750 --> 01:47:10,239 unknown and 2739 01:47:14,070 --> 01:47:11,760 the more unknown you have the more 2740 01:47:15,669 --> 01:47:14,080 frightened you get uh 2741 01:47:17,350 --> 01:47:15,679 because you don't fully understand where 2742 01:47:19,990 --> 01:47:17,360 it's coming from now 2743 01:47:20,709 --> 01:47:20,000 with us uh when and and i think about 2744 01:47:22,950 --> 01:47:20,719 what these 2745 01:47:24,790 --> 01:47:22,960 things may be that are visiting us i 2746 01:47:27,270 --> 01:47:24,800 think about what we do 2747 01:47:29,030 --> 01:47:27,280 what do we do we've got probes going to 2748 01:47:31,189 --> 01:47:29,040 different planets we're trying to land 2749 01:47:33,350 --> 01:47:31,199 on different planets we're trying to 2750 01:47:34,629 --> 01:47:33,360 videotape and monitor and figure things 2751 01:47:35,830 --> 01:47:34,639 out that's what we're doing we're 2752 01:47:37,510 --> 01:47:35,840 wondering we're trying to find 2753 01:47:40,870 --> 01:47:37,520 exoplanets 2754 01:47:44,470 --> 01:47:40,880 wouldn't et be doing the exact 2755 01:47:45,830 --> 01:47:44,480 same thing well they would do the same 2756 01:47:48,070 --> 01:47:45,840 thing but maybe 2757 01:47:49,350 --> 01:47:48,080 they did it already billions of years 2758 01:47:51,590 --> 01:47:49,360 ago you know and 2759 01:47:52,390 --> 01:47:51,600 uh perhaps you know if they're still 2760 01:47:54,790 --> 01:47:52,400 around they 2761 01:47:56,390 --> 01:47:54,800 know much more than we do and then they 2762 01:47:59,030 --> 01:47:56,400 already answered this question 2763 01:48:00,709 --> 01:47:59,040 and so they may have different 2764 01:48:03,910 --> 01:48:00,719 objectives than we have 2765 01:48:04,629 --> 01:48:03,920 um their body of knowledge is so much 2766 01:48:07,430 --> 01:48:04,639 greater 2767 01:48:09,350 --> 01:48:07,440 and and they develop technologies that 2768 01:48:09,910 --> 01:48:09,360 are so much more advanced than we have 2769 01:48:11,750 --> 01:48:09,920 that 2770 01:48:13,189 --> 01:48:11,760 perhaps they're operating and we don't 2771 01:48:15,109 --> 01:48:13,199 even notice them 2772 01:48:17,189 --> 01:48:15,119 um so you know the realm of 2773 01:48:20,149 --> 01:48:17,199 possibilities is really huge 2774 01:48:21,910 --> 01:48:20,159 when we meet a person uh it's a safe 2775 01:48:23,430 --> 01:48:21,920 assumption to assume that 2776 01:48:25,590 --> 01:48:23,440 you know that person would share the 2777 01:48:28,149 --> 01:48:25,600 same qualities as we do because 2778 01:48:28,950 --> 01:48:28,159 we we share the same genetic heritage 2779 01:48:31,750 --> 01:48:28,960 you know 2780 01:48:34,149 --> 01:48:31,760 and when we meet life from another 2781 01:48:37,189 --> 01:48:34,159 planet that had no contact with 2782 01:48:38,390 --> 01:48:37,199 earth you know it could be shocking 2783 01:48:40,070 --> 01:48:38,400 because 2784 01:48:41,990 --> 01:48:40,080 it may have developed in a completely 2785 01:48:44,229 --> 01:48:42,000 different way and maybe it's also much 2786 01:48:47,510 --> 01:48:44,239 more advanced than we are and 2787 01:48:51,189 --> 01:48:47,520 i think it would be shocking to us uh 2788 01:48:51,830 --> 01:48:51,199 uh once we we meet uh live from another 2789 01:48:53,750 --> 01:48:51,840 planet 2790 01:48:55,430 --> 01:48:53,760 well you know they they're gonna step 2791 01:48:57,270 --> 01:48:55,440 down off of uh 2792 01:48:59,750 --> 01:48:57,280 their starship and they're gonna walk 2793 01:49:03,750 --> 01:48:59,760 down the steps and they're to go 2794 01:49:06,870 --> 01:49:03,760 where's avi we've been listening 2795 01:49:08,870 --> 01:49:06,880 take us to harvey well you know my wife 2796 01:49:11,430 --> 01:49:08,880 jokes about it and says that 2797 01:49:12,149 --> 01:49:11,440 if they ever land in our backyard i 2798 01:49:14,790 --> 01:49:12,159 should do 2799 01:49:17,030 --> 01:49:14,800 two things one is make sure that i leave 2800 01:49:19,270 --> 01:49:17,040 the car keys with her 2801 01:49:21,189 --> 01:49:19,280 and not take them with me if they call 2802 01:49:23,589 --> 01:49:21,199 me into the ship 2803 01:49:26,629 --> 01:49:23,599 and the second is that i should ask them 2804 01:49:29,830 --> 01:49:26,639 not to ruin the loan when they lift off 2805 01:49:33,109 --> 01:49:29,840 that is that is as honest as it gets 2806 01:49:34,070 --> 01:49:33,119 right there let's take our go ahead go 2807 01:49:35,910 --> 01:49:34,080 ahead 2808 01:49:37,270 --> 01:49:35,920 you might ask why is she worried about 2809 01:49:40,830 --> 01:49:37,280 me living no 2810 01:49:42,149 --> 01:49:40,840 uh my wife would say when are you going 2811 01:49:45,589 --> 01:49:42,159 right 2812 01:49:47,990 --> 01:49:45,599 come back avi i want to 2813 01:49:49,990 --> 01:49:48,000 uh i want to discuss breakthrough star 2814 01:49:52,709 --> 01:49:50,000 shot i want to talk about uh 2815 01:49:53,830 --> 01:49:52,719 of course proxima b centauri b and what 2816 01:49:56,709 --> 01:49:53,840 is going on 2817 01:49:57,830 --> 01:49:56,719 with the entire project and where we are 2818 01:49:59,589 --> 01:49:57,840 so stay right there 2819 01:50:01,910 --> 01:49:59,599 this is fade to black i'm your host 2820 01:50:12,240 --> 01:50:01,920 jimmy church on the game changer network 2821 01:50:16,229 --> 01:50:14,870 [Music] 2822 01:50:22,950 --> 01:50:16,239 hi everybody this is rob halpert the 2823 01:50:25,990 --> 01:50:24,950 kgra jimmychurchradio.com broadcasting 2824 01:50:29,669 --> 01:50:26,000 station 2825 01:50:31,510 --> 01:50:29,679 salt lake city utah van buren arkansas 2826 01:50:33,589 --> 01:50:31,520 why is it we're not very good with our 2827 01:50:35,350 --> 01:50:33,599 health regiment until it's too late we 2828 01:50:37,189 --> 01:50:35,360 don't put oil in the car until the 2829 01:50:37,990 --> 01:50:37,199 engine blows up when the body's out of 2830 01:50:40,070 --> 01:50:38,000 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2846 01:51:12,149 --> 01:51:10,960 anyway if you're looking for short 2847 01:51:14,629 --> 01:51:12,159 helpful health tips 2848 01:51:15,910 --> 01:51:14,639 go to youtube and punch in health 2849 01:51:23,750 --> 01:51:15,920 matters now 2850 01:51:26,070 --> 01:51:23,760 log on to getthet.com shop get balanced 2851 01:51:27,189 --> 01:51:26,080 then learn some cool tips at health 2852 01:51:29,070 --> 01:51:27,199 matters now 2853 01:51:31,189 --> 01:51:29,080 you'll be glad you did that's get the 2854 01:51:33,189 --> 01:51:31,199 tea.com 2855 01:51:34,320 --> 01:51:33,199 your contact for current news and 2856 01:51:36,189 --> 01:51:34,330 trending topics 2857 01:51:38,070 --> 01:51:36,199 [Music] 2858 01:51:39,830 --> 01:51:38,080 kgraradio.com 2859 01:51:41,669 --> 01:51:39,840 this is jimmy church of fade to black 2860 01:51:44,790 --> 01:51:41,679 and i only drink 2861 01:51:45,510 --> 01:51:44,800 fade to black blend coffee from river 2862 01:51:49,750 --> 01:51:45,520 moon 2863 01:51:53,830 --> 01:51:49,760 banner at jimmychurchradio.com 2864 01:51:57,589 --> 01:51:53,840 promo code f2b blend 2865 01:52:00,629 --> 01:51:57,599 this is the only way forward this is 2866 01:52:04,400 --> 01:52:00,639 made to black make contact 2867 01:52:10,149 --> 01:52:08,310 [Music] 2868 01:52:11,510 --> 01:52:10,159 when you're in the house for longer 2869 01:52:13,750 --> 01:52:11,520 periods of time 2870 01:52:16,310 --> 01:52:13,760 you can see them flying or running 2871 01:52:19,189 --> 01:52:16,320 across the floor ooh 2872 01:52:20,629 --> 01:52:19,199 yuck they're unhealthy gross and 2873 01:52:24,870 --> 01:52:20,639 disgusting 2874 01:52:27,990 --> 01:52:24,880 bugs i loathe bugs we keep a clean home 2875 01:52:28,390 --> 01:52:28,000 but occasionally bugs show up well i 2876 01:52:30,790 --> 01:52:28,400 found 2877 01:52:32,070 --> 01:52:30,800 something that is tougher than bugs 2878 01:52:35,109 --> 01:52:32,080 orange guard 2879 01:52:38,790 --> 01:52:35,119 on contact it kills hidden bugs 2880 01:52:41,910 --> 01:52:38,800 including ants roaches and fleas plus 2881 01:52:43,910 --> 01:52:41,920 orange guard is a residual repellent 2882 01:52:45,109 --> 01:52:43,920 all of the ingredients of orange guard 2883 01:52:48,229 --> 01:52:45,119 are on the fda 2884 01:52:50,149 --> 01:52:48,239 generally recognized as safe list orange 2885 01:52:53,910 --> 01:52:50,159 guard may be used around food 2886 01:52:55,910 --> 01:52:53,920 humans and pets it comes with a 30-day 2887 01:52:58,510 --> 01:52:55,920 money-back guarantee 2888 01:52:59,990 --> 01:52:58,520 orange guard available at 2889 01:53:13,189 --> 01:53:00,000 orangeguard.com 2890 01:53:16,310 --> 01:53:13,199 whole foods and ace hardware 2891 01:53:20,149 --> 01:53:16,320 you wanna know a secret i love 2892 01:53:22,070 --> 01:53:20,159 ponies i really love ponies i'm serious 2893 01:53:23,750 --> 01:53:22,080 i couldn't stay sane without pawn 2894 01:53:26,950 --> 01:53:23,760 instabrush 2895 01:53:27,990 --> 01:53:26,960 why fade to black because you never got 2896 01:53:32,310 --> 01:53:28,000 that pony 2897 01:53:36,870 --> 01:53:34,470 this is fade to black with jimmy church 2898 01:53:41,620 --> 01:53:36,880 on the game changer radio network 2899 01:53:54,229 --> 01:53:41,630 and kgra the global radio alliance 2900 01:53:56,310 --> 01:53:54,239 [Music] 2901 01:53:57,589 --> 01:53:56,320 all right welcome back fade to black i 2902 01:53:59,589 --> 01:53:57,599 am your host jimmy church 2903 01:54:02,390 --> 01:53:59,599 tonight much anticipated great 2904 01:54:04,910 --> 01:54:02,400 conversation professor avi loeb 2905 01:54:06,390 --> 01:54:04,920 is with us we're discussing his new book 2906 01:54:08,709 --> 01:54:06,400 extraterrestrial 2907 01:54:09,750 --> 01:54:08,719 but i want to move on he has been 2908 01:54:12,870 --> 01:54:09,760 involved with 2909 01:54:14,470 --> 01:54:12,880 yuri milner and of course uh uh stephen 2910 01:54:17,750 --> 01:54:14,480 hawking when he was with us 2911 01:54:20,870 --> 01:54:17,760 and the breakthrough star shot project 2912 01:54:24,310 --> 01:54:20,880 lots of help behind this project 2913 01:54:27,510 --> 01:54:24,320 uh where are we today well actually 2914 01:54:30,229 --> 01:54:27,520 what's the basic outline avi of of the 2915 01:54:37,430 --> 01:54:34,790 um so uh in may 2015 2916 01:54:39,510 --> 01:54:37,440 a black limousine parked in front of the 2917 01:54:41,990 --> 01:54:39,520 center for astrophysics at harvard and 2918 01:54:44,070 --> 01:54:42,000 out of it came an entrepreneur from 2919 01:54:46,870 --> 01:54:44,080 silicon valley named yuri milner 2920 01:54:48,070 --> 01:54:46,880 he entered my office and sat on the sofa 2921 01:54:50,149 --> 01:54:48,080 in front of me and 2922 01:54:51,830 --> 01:54:50,159 asked me whether i'm willing to lead a 2923 01:54:54,470 --> 01:54:51,840 project to visit 2924 01:54:56,149 --> 01:54:54,480 uh the nearest star uh the alpha 2925 01:54:59,910 --> 01:54:56,159 centauri system 2926 01:55:02,149 --> 01:54:59,920 um within uh his lifetime 2927 01:55:03,589 --> 01:55:02,159 which is this you know he has the same 2928 01:55:06,709 --> 01:55:03,599 age as i am 2929 01:55:09,109 --> 01:55:06,719 as i have 59 and uh 2930 01:55:09,910 --> 01:55:09,119 that meant getting there within 20 years 2931 01:55:13,030 --> 01:55:09,920 or so 2932 01:55:16,310 --> 01:55:13,040 and since the nearest star system is 2933 01:55:18,070 --> 01:55:16,320 four and a quarter light years away uh 2934 01:55:19,750 --> 01:55:18,080 that meant that 2935 01:55:21,350 --> 01:55:19,760 in order to get there in 20 years you 2936 01:55:24,470 --> 01:55:21,360 need to send a spacecraft 2937 01:55:27,270 --> 01:55:24,480 at a fifth of the speed of light uh 2938 01:55:27,910 --> 01:55:27,280 and that's not easy i told him i need 2939 01:55:29,750 --> 01:55:27,920 the 2940 01:55:32,870 --> 01:55:29,760 six months to contemplate what 2941 01:55:35,030 --> 01:55:32,880 technology can allow us to do that and 2942 01:55:36,070 --> 01:55:35,040 after six months i reported back and 2943 01:55:39,910 --> 01:55:36,080 said the only 2944 01:55:41,430 --> 01:55:39,920 possibility is a light sail technology 2945 01:55:43,920 --> 01:55:41,440 where you have a lightweight 2946 01:55:45,270 --> 01:55:43,930 sail that weighs roughly a gram 2947 01:55:48,390 --> 01:55:45,280 [Music] 2948 01:55:50,709 --> 01:55:48,400 roughly the size of a person uh 2949 01:55:51,750 --> 01:55:50,719 being pushed by a very powerful laser 2950 01:55:54,709 --> 01:55:51,760 beam that 2951 01:55:55,430 --> 01:55:54,719 is a hundred gigawatt in power uh 2952 01:55:58,629 --> 01:55:55,440 pushing it 2953 01:56:00,229 --> 01:55:58,639 uh for a few minutes across a distance 2954 01:56:02,629 --> 01:56:00,239 that is comparable to 2955 01:56:03,270 --> 01:56:02,639 five times the distance to the moon and 2956 01:56:06,310 --> 01:56:03,280 then 2957 01:56:08,790 --> 01:56:06,320 that light sail will carry uh 2958 01:56:10,950 --> 01:56:08,800 electronics with it and will reach a 2959 01:56:13,270 --> 01:56:10,960 fifth of the speed of light and 2960 01:56:14,470 --> 01:56:13,280 among the equipment that it will carry 2961 01:56:17,109 --> 01:56:14,480 would be a camera 2962 01:56:17,830 --> 01:56:17,119 where so that when it gets close to the 2963 01:56:20,550 --> 01:56:17,840 nearest 2964 01:56:21,750 --> 01:56:20,560 star system it could take photographs of 2965 01:56:25,830 --> 01:56:21,760 planets 2966 01:56:28,310 --> 01:56:25,840 around those stars and send them back 2967 01:56:29,270 --> 01:56:28,320 to earth so we can tell what's going on 2968 01:56:32,070 --> 01:56:29,280 out there 2969 01:56:34,149 --> 01:56:32,080 now uh how many i've got so many 2970 01:56:37,830 --> 01:56:34,159 questions 2971 01:56:40,149 --> 01:56:37,840 how many of these micro satellites 2972 01:56:42,229 --> 01:56:40,159 would be launched it wouldn't be one 2973 01:56:43,990 --> 01:56:42,239 would it be a thousand 2974 01:56:46,470 --> 01:56:44,000 well every day you can launch another 2975 01:56:49,189 --> 01:56:46,480 one so most of the cost is actually 2976 01:56:49,830 --> 01:56:49,199 in in the infrastructure in the laser 2977 01:56:53,270 --> 01:56:49,840 beam 2978 01:56:55,350 --> 01:56:53,280 uh array um and then 2979 01:56:57,030 --> 01:56:55,360 the spacecraft itself is relatively 2980 01:57:00,870 --> 01:56:57,040 cheap it should be the cost of 2981 01:57:02,629 --> 01:57:00,880 office of a cell phone you know and um 2982 01:57:04,390 --> 01:57:02,639 because it's lightweight and it has 2983 01:57:05,189 --> 01:57:04,400 roughly the electronics that you find in 2984 01:57:08,229 --> 01:57:05,199 a cell phone 2985 01:57:11,990 --> 01:57:08,239 and um the idea is that you know every 2986 01:57:13,589 --> 01:57:12,000 time the the the laser beam is pointed 2987 01:57:15,189 --> 01:57:13,599 in the right direction you can launch a 2988 01:57:17,189 --> 01:57:15,199 new spacecraft so 2989 01:57:18,870 --> 01:57:17,199 it's very different than the current 2990 01:57:21,430 --> 01:57:18,880 method and approach 2991 01:57:22,830 --> 01:57:21,440 taken in launching missions you can 2992 01:57:25,350 --> 01:57:22,840 launch a lot of such 2993 01:57:26,470 --> 01:57:25,360 spacecrafts you know in in different 2994 01:57:29,430 --> 01:57:26,480 direction 2995 01:57:31,510 --> 01:57:29,440 to different destinations so for example 2996 01:57:34,950 --> 01:57:31,520 uh if we had the technology 2997 01:57:37,430 --> 01:57:34,960 uh available today when um was passing 2998 01:57:39,910 --> 01:57:37,440 by you know we could have easily 2999 01:57:42,229 --> 01:57:39,920 reached it with a camera and taken a 3000 01:57:44,229 --> 01:57:42,239 photograph of it because 3001 01:57:45,669 --> 01:57:44,239 we would have a spacecraft that can move 3002 01:57:49,109 --> 01:57:45,679 much faster 3003 01:57:50,790 --> 01:57:49,119 than omomoa moved you know omumo was 3004 01:57:52,629 --> 01:57:50,800 moving at about 3005 01:57:54,790 --> 01:57:52,639 a percent of a percent of the speed of 3006 01:57:55,830 --> 01:57:54,800 light one part in ten thousand of the 3007 01:57:57,750 --> 01:57:55,840 speed of light 3008 01:57:58,870 --> 01:57:57,760 and if you move at twenty percent the 3009 01:58:01,350 --> 01:57:58,880 speed of light 3010 01:58:02,070 --> 01:58:01,360 you're moving uh a thousand times faster 3011 01:58:03,910 --> 01:58:02,080 than the moon 3012 01:58:05,669 --> 01:58:03,920 was moving so you can easily catch up 3013 01:58:10,070 --> 01:58:05,679 with it now i i 3014 01:58:12,870 --> 01:58:10,080 picture almost like a a cloud of these 3015 01:58:15,270 --> 01:58:12,880 you know a cloud of these uh flying 3016 01:58:18,790 --> 01:58:15,280 towards a proxima centauri 3017 01:58:21,910 --> 01:58:18,800 um is it it wouldn't because one is 3018 01:58:22,790 --> 01:58:21,920 is very small right i don't even know 3019 01:58:25,589 --> 01:58:22,800 how you would 3020 01:58:26,790 --> 01:58:25,599 focus a laser at it but it would it be a 3021 01:58:30,870 --> 01:58:26,800 cloud of these 3022 01:58:34,149 --> 01:58:30,880 uh you know what i mean a cloud of mats 3023 01:58:36,070 --> 01:58:34,159 you can focus a laser on a sale roughly 3024 01:58:38,470 --> 01:58:36,080 the size of a person 3025 01:58:39,589 --> 01:58:38,480 but you can send many of those 3026 01:58:42,149 --> 01:58:39,599 spacecrafts 3027 01:58:43,589 --> 01:58:42,159 one after the other and then then in 3028 01:58:46,149 --> 01:58:43,599 principle get 3029 01:58:47,750 --> 01:58:46,159 a group of them a fleet going in this 3030 01:58:50,229 --> 01:58:47,760 direction 3031 01:58:52,149 --> 01:58:50,239 and that helps in the sense that if 3032 01:58:53,910 --> 01:58:52,159 something bad happens to one of them 3033 01:58:55,510 --> 01:58:53,920 it's not such a big 3034 01:58:57,589 --> 01:58:55,520 it's not a catastrophe because you have 3035 01:58:59,030 --> 01:58:57,599 the others and also if one of them 3036 01:59:00,950 --> 01:58:59,040 doesn't go in the right direction the 3037 01:59:04,229 --> 01:59:00,960 others may go in the right direction 3038 01:59:07,109 --> 01:59:04,239 now how quickly 3039 01:59:09,830 --> 01:59:07,119 it would it be one laser is it an array 3040 01:59:12,870 --> 01:59:09,840 of lasers is it multiple lasers 3041 01:59:15,430 --> 01:59:12,880 uh number one yeah go ahead yeah 3042 01:59:18,550 --> 01:59:15,440 it's a lot of low power lasers that 3043 01:59:21,830 --> 01:59:18,560 combine their beams to a very powerful 3044 01:59:22,390 --> 01:59:21,840 single beam how does this quick how 3045 01:59:26,550 --> 01:59:22,400 quick 3046 01:59:30,149 --> 01:59:28,950 is it a burst does this last for minutes 3047 01:59:33,830 --> 01:59:30,159 or days 3048 01:59:36,310 --> 01:59:33,840 uh how how long is the laser focused 3049 01:59:37,350 --> 01:59:36,320 the laser is focused for a few minutes 3050 01:59:41,830 --> 01:59:37,360 because 3051 01:59:44,149 --> 01:59:41,840 light sail is so far away 3052 01:59:45,510 --> 01:59:44,159 that you can't focus the laser anymore 3053 01:59:48,070 --> 01:59:45,520 on the sail 3054 01:59:50,709 --> 01:59:48,080 so the limitation is really how far we 3055 01:59:52,390 --> 01:59:50,719 can focus the laser on the sail and 3056 01:59:53,669 --> 01:59:52,400 that dictates if you want to reach a 3057 01:59:55,189 --> 01:59:53,679 fifth of the speed of light that 3058 01:59:56,550 --> 01:59:55,199 dictates how much time you have 3059 01:59:59,270 --> 01:59:56,560 available 3060 02:00:00,870 --> 01:59:59,280 and it's only a few minutes if you move 3061 02:00:01,990 --> 02:00:00,880 the cell to a fifth of the speed of 3062 02:00:04,310 --> 02:00:02,000 light 3063 02:00:06,470 --> 02:00:04,320 and then that by itself dictates how 3064 02:00:07,270 --> 02:00:06,480 much power you want to put on the laser 3065 02:00:10,229 --> 02:00:07,280 because you want 3066 02:00:11,669 --> 02:00:10,239 within a few minutes to bring it to a 3067 02:00:11,990 --> 02:00:11,679 fifth of the speed of light given the 3068 02:00:13,830 --> 02:00:12,000 weight 3069 02:00:15,350 --> 02:00:13,840 of the sail so that's how the 3070 02:00:17,270 --> 02:00:15,360 calculation goes that 3071 02:00:19,030 --> 02:00:17,280 you fir you're first limited by how far 3072 02:00:23,030 --> 02:00:19,040 you can focus the laser 3073 02:00:24,470 --> 02:00:23,040 then uh you know given the amount of 3074 02:00:25,830 --> 02:00:24,480 the speed that you want to reach that 3075 02:00:26,870 --> 02:00:25,840 tells you how much time you have 3076 02:00:29,750 --> 02:00:26,880 available 3077 02:00:31,350 --> 02:00:29,760 and then if for to accelerate a light 3078 02:00:33,510 --> 02:00:31,360 sail to a fifth of the speed of light 3079 02:00:36,709 --> 02:00:33,520 you need a powerful enough laser 3080 02:00:37,669 --> 02:00:36,719 so that it reaches that speed within a 3081 02:00:40,310 --> 02:00:37,679 few minutes 3082 02:00:42,629 --> 02:00:40,320 it it's really strange for me that the 3083 02:00:45,830 --> 02:00:42,639 technology is extreme 3084 02:00:49,750 --> 02:00:45,840 the process is actually very simple 3085 02:00:52,790 --> 02:00:49,760 oh yeah you know that's 3086 02:00:55,030 --> 02:00:52,800 that's the beauty of innovation that you 3087 02:00:57,750 --> 02:00:55,040 don't necessarily need to 3088 02:00:58,790 --> 02:00:57,760 involve engage in something very complex 3089 02:01:01,430 --> 02:00:58,800 in in this case 3090 02:01:03,189 --> 02:01:01,440 um you know the only reason you can 3091 02:01:04,790 --> 02:01:03,199 reach the speed of light or a fraction 3092 02:01:09,430 --> 02:01:04,800 of it is because you're using 3093 02:01:12,470 --> 02:01:09,440 light to push uh the object and 3094 02:01:14,950 --> 02:01:12,480 uh in this way the spacecraft doesn't 3095 02:01:18,390 --> 02:01:14,960 need to carry any fuel with it 3096 02:01:20,470 --> 02:01:18,400 so uh we're talking about uh and again i 3097 02:01:23,510 --> 02:01:20,480 don't have a phd 3098 02:01:26,550 --> 02:01:23,520 uh but i i think i understand 3099 02:01:27,669 --> 02:01:26,560 the the process here in that fifth of 3100 02:01:31,270 --> 02:01:27,679 the speed of light 3101 02:01:33,189 --> 02:01:31,280 alpha centauri is four and a half light 3102 02:01:36,709 --> 02:01:33,199 years away four and a quarter 3103 02:01:40,149 --> 02:01:36,719 so that's about uh 20 years out 3104 02:01:43,510 --> 02:01:40,159 right approximately 20 years out 3105 02:01:46,470 --> 02:01:43,520 once we arrive 3106 02:01:47,990 --> 02:01:46,480 then the transmissions come back at the 3107 02:01:49,669 --> 02:01:48,000 speed of light 3108 02:01:52,470 --> 02:01:49,679 right so that's a that's a four and a 3109 02:01:55,910 --> 02:01:52,480 half year return 3110 02:01:57,589 --> 02:01:55,920 right right man sometimes my brain melts 3111 02:02:00,709 --> 02:01:57,599 but that's actually what's going on 3112 02:02:04,149 --> 02:02:00,719 it's 20 years out five years back 3113 02:02:07,669 --> 02:02:04,159 exactly and so it's a long time 3114 02:02:08,470 --> 02:02:07,679 and you know that's why all the science 3115 02:02:11,589 --> 02:02:08,480 fiction 3116 02:02:12,550 --> 02:02:11,599 stories that you know humans embark a 3117 02:02:14,790 --> 02:02:12,560 spaceship 3118 02:02:16,390 --> 02:02:14,800 like in star trek and and then go 3119 02:02:18,229 --> 02:02:16,400 through the journey you know these are 3120 02:02:21,430 --> 02:02:18,239 not very realistic because 3121 02:02:23,910 --> 02:02:21,440 it's it takes such a long time to go 3122 02:02:25,750 --> 02:02:23,920 from one star to another that i don't 3123 02:02:28,790 --> 02:02:25,760 think humans will ever do that 3124 02:02:30,310 --> 02:02:28,800 you know it's easier to send equipment 3125 02:02:33,189 --> 02:02:30,320 it's also easier for the equipment to 3126 02:02:36,149 --> 02:02:33,199 survive the journey you know humans 3127 02:02:37,589 --> 02:02:36,159 other than aging have other issues with 3128 02:02:39,430 --> 02:02:37,599 being exposed to 3129 02:02:41,030 --> 02:02:39,440 cosmic rays and other stuff you know 3130 02:02:43,430 --> 02:02:41,040 energetic particles 3131 02:02:45,510 --> 02:02:43,440 so it's much better to send equipment 3132 02:02:48,550 --> 02:02:45,520 and probably what we will find 3133 02:02:51,109 --> 02:02:48,560 first in terms of relics are equipment 3134 02:02:53,990 --> 02:02:51,119 you know sent by others not not actual 3135 02:02:57,189 --> 02:02:54,000 you know we will not have a contact with 3136 02:02:59,910 --> 02:02:57,199 a creature uh in at first 3137 02:03:01,189 --> 02:02:59,920 and you know that's what um may be about 3138 02:03:04,629 --> 02:03:01,199 it's just equipment 3139 02:03:07,830 --> 02:03:04,639 now how does the relay come 3140 02:03:10,229 --> 02:03:07,840 back happen uh 3141 02:03:12,070 --> 02:03:10,239 not only the digital information of 3142 02:03:13,430 --> 02:03:12,080 images but anything else that is 3143 02:03:17,510 --> 02:03:13,440 captured 3144 02:03:20,390 --> 02:03:17,520 uh yeah is there a a transmitter 3145 02:03:21,669 --> 02:03:20,400 that is is coming back how how does that 3146 02:03:23,270 --> 02:03:21,679 happen 3147 02:03:25,030 --> 02:03:23,280 well that's an excellent question it's 3148 02:03:27,430 --> 02:03:25,040 one of the challenges of this 3149 02:03:29,750 --> 02:03:27,440 project to communicate the information 3150 02:03:31,109 --> 02:03:29,760 back from the image taken by the camera 3151 02:03:34,310 --> 02:03:31,119 for example and 3152 02:03:37,350 --> 02:03:34,320 uh because of the vast distance of 3153 02:03:39,910 --> 02:03:37,360 four light years you know 3154 02:03:41,109 --> 02:03:39,920 it's not easy to focus the signal on 3155 02:03:43,430 --> 02:03:41,119 earth and 3156 02:03:45,910 --> 02:03:43,440 therefore you know whatever transmits 3157 02:03:49,109 --> 02:03:45,920 the signal from that distance 3158 02:03:51,990 --> 02:03:49,119 you know would be whatever signal we get 3159 02:03:52,390 --> 02:03:52,000 on earth is would be very faint and so 3160 02:03:54,390 --> 02:03:52,400 that's 3161 02:03:56,149 --> 02:03:54,400 a challenge we are working on you know 3162 02:03:58,310 --> 02:03:56,159 we will need to build 3163 02:03:59,510 --> 02:03:58,320 a telescope on earth so that it can 3164 02:04:01,589 --> 02:03:59,520 receive the signal 3165 02:04:03,189 --> 02:04:01,599 from the spacecraft once it reaches the 3166 02:04:05,189 --> 02:04:03,199 destination and 3167 02:04:07,430 --> 02:04:05,199 that's a major challenge and we are now 3168 02:04:09,270 --> 02:04:07,440 working on you know what kind of 3169 02:04:11,589 --> 02:04:09,280 radiation would be best to use what 3170 02:04:12,950 --> 02:04:11,599 wavelength and what kind of transmitter 3171 02:04:15,270 --> 02:04:12,960 to use and how 3172 02:04:17,430 --> 02:04:15,280 you know how best to receive the signal 3173 02:04:20,149 --> 02:04:17,440 and these these are difficult questions 3174 02:04:20,870 --> 02:04:20,159 now a couple of years ago i was very 3175 02:04:23,109 --> 02:04:20,880 excited 3176 02:04:25,910 --> 02:04:23,119 uh right in the middle of your project 3177 02:04:29,750 --> 02:04:25,920 and and yuri and the announcements 3178 02:04:34,310 --> 02:04:29,760 uh came the discovery 3179 02:04:37,430 --> 02:04:34,320 of uh the exoplanets out in 3180 02:04:40,310 --> 02:04:37,440 alpha centauri that one of them may be 3181 02:04:41,990 --> 02:04:40,320 in the goldilocks zone it it's locked 3182 02:04:43,750 --> 02:04:42,000 right it's tidal locked 3183 02:04:46,310 --> 02:04:43,760 am i am i correct you're nodding your 3184 02:04:49,830 --> 02:04:46,320 head but again i'm not a scientist 3185 02:04:53,030 --> 02:04:49,840 but this this planet is called 3186 02:04:55,109 --> 02:04:53,040 proxima b it's in the habitable zone it 3187 02:04:57,830 --> 02:04:55,119 just at the right distance from proxima 3188 02:05:00,709 --> 02:04:57,840 centauri which is the nearest star 3189 02:05:02,550 --> 02:05:00,719 to us uh it's at the right distance to 3190 02:05:03,350 --> 02:05:02,560 potentially have liquid water on its 3191 02:05:05,350 --> 02:05:03,360 surface 3192 02:05:07,189 --> 02:05:05,360 to have the similar temperature to the 3193 02:05:09,830 --> 02:05:07,199 one we have on earth 3194 02:05:12,709 --> 02:05:09,840 we just don't know if it has life or not 3195 02:05:15,109 --> 02:05:12,719 but because it's so close to the star 3196 02:05:16,229 --> 02:05:15,119 20 times closer than the earth is to the 3197 02:05:17,750 --> 02:05:16,239 sun 3198 02:05:19,430 --> 02:05:17,760 and the reason you need to be that close 3199 02:05:21,830 --> 02:05:19,440 is because that star is much 3200 02:05:23,910 --> 02:05:21,840 fainter than the sun it's 12 of the mass 3201 02:05:25,750 --> 02:05:23,920 of the sun it's a dwarf star 3202 02:05:28,310 --> 02:05:25,760 right the kind of star that is much more 3203 02:05:31,430 --> 02:05:28,320 common than the sun is 3204 02:05:33,109 --> 02:05:31,440 and because it's so close to the star 20 3205 02:05:33,750 --> 02:05:33,119 times closer than the earth is from the 3206 02:05:36,790 --> 02:05:33,760 sun 3207 02:05:39,430 --> 02:05:36,800 it's tidally locked 3208 02:05:40,709 --> 02:05:39,440 meaning that it faces the star with the 3209 02:05:43,189 --> 02:05:40,719 same side 3210 02:05:43,750 --> 02:05:43,199 at all times similar to the moon you 3211 02:05:46,629 --> 02:05:43,760 know it's 3212 02:05:48,629 --> 02:05:46,639 the moon is facing us with the same side 3213 02:05:49,589 --> 02:05:48,639 because it's tidally locked by the tidal 3214 02:05:52,950 --> 02:05:49,599 force 3215 02:05:53,830 --> 02:05:52,960 and that means that it has a permanent 3216 02:05:56,310 --> 02:05:53,840 dayside 3217 02:05:58,229 --> 02:05:56,320 on the planet and a permanent night side 3218 02:06:01,750 --> 02:05:58,239 on the planet 3219 02:06:03,910 --> 02:06:01,760 and my daughter says that you know 3220 02:06:06,069 --> 02:06:03,920 if we ever go there she would like to 3221 02:06:07,990 --> 02:06:06,079 have two houses one in the permanent 3222 02:06:11,430 --> 02:06:08,000 night side where she would sleep 3223 02:06:13,589 --> 02:06:11,440 and another one in the permanent sunset 3224 02:06:15,030 --> 02:06:13,599 strip that separates the days from the 3225 02:06:16,629 --> 02:06:15,040 night side because 3226 02:06:18,950 --> 02:06:16,639 that's where you would see the sunset 3227 02:06:20,470 --> 02:06:18,960 forever so that's where the real estate 3228 02:06:23,669 --> 02:06:20,480 would be 3229 02:06:25,270 --> 02:06:23,679 most most expensive in the sunset street 3230 02:06:29,430 --> 02:06:25,280 between them 3231 02:06:33,910 --> 02:06:29,440 now the news after the announcement 3232 02:06:37,830 --> 02:06:33,920 of uh proxima b came 3233 02:06:39,990 --> 02:06:37,840 uh i i i guess 3234 02:06:40,870 --> 02:06:40,000 there was a solar storm there was a 3235 02:06:45,030 --> 02:06:40,880 blast 3236 02:06:48,229 --> 02:06:45,040 that hit proxima b that and so whatever 3237 02:06:49,189 --> 02:06:48,239 was there it was so large the the 3238 02:06:52,709 --> 02:06:49,199 ejection 3239 02:06:56,149 --> 02:06:52,719 that what was ever on proxima b 3240 02:06:57,990 --> 02:06:56,159 is now carbon right 3241 02:06:59,910 --> 02:06:58,000 well uh okay so there is this 3242 02:07:02,149 --> 02:06:59,920 fundamental question of why 3243 02:07:03,510 --> 02:07:02,159 are we next to a star like the sun 3244 02:07:06,709 --> 02:07:03,520 because after all 3245 02:07:09,750 --> 02:07:06,719 stars just like proxima b dwarf stars 3246 02:07:11,030 --> 02:07:09,760 are much more common than the sun and we 3247 02:07:13,030 --> 02:07:11,040 don't find ourselves 3248 02:07:15,510 --> 02:07:13,040 next to such a dwarf star even though 3249 02:07:18,709 --> 02:07:15,520 these stars are much more abundant 3250 02:07:21,669 --> 02:07:18,719 and one possible explanation is these 3251 02:07:22,069 --> 02:07:21,679 stars are indeed common but in order to 3252 02:07:23,750 --> 02:07:22,079 be 3253 02:07:26,550 --> 02:07:23,760 in the habitable zone around them you 3254 02:07:30,310 --> 02:07:26,560 need to be pretty close to them and then 3255 02:07:32,310 --> 02:07:30,320 these storms on the stars wipe out 3256 02:07:34,229 --> 02:07:32,320 the possibility of life because they can 3257 02:07:36,149 --> 02:07:34,239 remove the atmosphere of the planet and 3258 02:07:38,149 --> 02:07:36,159 they can harm life 3259 02:07:39,589 --> 02:07:38,159 and you know without an atmosphere you 3260 02:07:41,589 --> 02:07:39,599 cannot have liquid water 3261 02:07:43,350 --> 02:07:41,599 and so it's a possibility it's a 3262 02:07:45,510 --> 02:07:43,360 possibility that proxima 3263 02:07:47,109 --> 02:07:45,520 b does not have life on it because it's 3264 02:07:51,030 --> 02:07:47,119 being sterilized 3265 02:07:54,310 --> 02:07:51,040 by these storms on proxima centauri and 3266 02:07:55,030 --> 02:07:54,320 the same might hold true for all dwarf 3267 02:07:57,350 --> 02:07:55,040 stars 3268 02:07:58,950 --> 02:07:57,360 and that may explain why we live next to 3269 02:08:01,430 --> 02:07:58,960 the sun and not 3270 02:08:02,790 --> 02:08:01,440 to the more common stars but but we 3271 02:08:05,430 --> 02:08:02,800 don't know as of yet 3272 02:08:07,589 --> 02:08:05,440 and you know hopefully we'll find one 3273 02:08:11,109 --> 02:08:07,599 day whether there is life or not 3274 02:08:14,390 --> 02:08:11,119 on proxima b now uh before i ask 3275 02:08:16,310 --> 02:08:14,400 why alpha centauri because 3276 02:08:18,790 --> 02:08:16,320 i think there's a few obvious answers 3277 02:08:23,350 --> 02:08:18,800 but i want your answers for that 3278 02:08:26,390 --> 02:08:23,360 but do you feel that it's close 3279 02:08:28,149 --> 02:08:26,400 but there was also reports of fast radio 3280 02:08:30,709 --> 02:08:28,159 bursts coming from that direction too 3281 02:08:31,669 --> 02:08:30,719 as well do you think there could be the 3282 02:08:35,189 --> 02:08:31,679 possibility 3283 02:08:36,550 --> 02:08:35,199 of intelligent life well there is always 3284 02:08:41,189 --> 02:08:36,560 a possibility the question is 3285 02:08:44,709 --> 02:08:41,199 is there evidence and there was a 3286 02:08:46,470 --> 02:08:44,719 indeed a radio signal from the direction 3287 02:08:49,589 --> 02:08:46,480 reported from 3288 02:08:49,990 --> 02:08:49,599 the parks telescope in australia uh and 3289 02:08:54,390 --> 02:08:50,000 it was 3290 02:08:55,990 --> 02:08:54,400 very narrow in frequency and um 3291 02:08:57,669 --> 02:08:56,000 the problem i had with the 3292 02:09:01,350 --> 02:08:57,679 interpretation that it came 3293 02:09:03,750 --> 02:09:01,360 from uh proxima b for example is that 3294 02:09:05,030 --> 02:09:03,760 proxima b the planet is moving around 3295 02:09:07,109 --> 02:09:05,040 the star 3296 02:09:08,950 --> 02:09:07,119 and the frequency as a result should 3297 02:09:09,750 --> 02:09:08,960 drift you know it's called the doppler 3298 02:09:12,629 --> 02:09:09,760 effect 3299 02:09:13,430 --> 02:09:12,639 when you hear a siren uh let's say an 3300 02:09:15,270 --> 02:09:13,440 ambulance 3301 02:09:17,750 --> 02:09:15,280 approaching you the pitch is different 3302 02:09:19,910 --> 02:09:17,760 than when it's receding from you because 3303 02:09:20,950 --> 02:09:19,920 because of the motion and as a result 3304 02:09:23,030 --> 02:09:20,960 you know because 3305 02:09:25,350 --> 02:09:23,040 since we know that proxima b is moving 3306 02:09:27,030 --> 02:09:25,360 around proxima centauri we expect the 3307 02:09:29,910 --> 02:09:27,040 frequency to drift 3308 02:09:30,229 --> 02:09:29,920 and the amount of drift i calculated was 3309 02:09:33,990 --> 02:09:30,239 far 3310 02:09:35,750 --> 02:09:34,000 greater than than observed and so that 3311 02:09:37,109 --> 02:09:35,760 convinced me that it cannot come from 3312 02:09:38,950 --> 02:09:37,119 proxima b and 3313 02:09:41,030 --> 02:09:38,960 you know that i based that i was not 3314 02:09:41,990 --> 02:09:41,040 part of the discovery team but i based 3315 02:09:45,270 --> 02:09:42,000 that on 3316 02:09:45,589 --> 02:09:45,280 uh the report in the guardian that came 3317 02:09:48,790 --> 02:09:45,599 out 3318 02:09:52,069 --> 02:09:48,800 and the actual scientific paper is not 3319 02:09:53,589 --> 02:09:52,079 publicized yet so i i don't know the 3320 02:09:56,870 --> 02:09:53,599 full details but 3321 02:09:58,390 --> 02:09:56,880 i would assume that it's probably not 3322 02:10:00,390 --> 02:09:58,400 coming from the surface 3323 02:10:02,790 --> 02:10:00,400 if there is a signal it's not coming 3324 02:10:05,430 --> 02:10:02,800 from proxima b the planet 3325 02:10:06,310 --> 02:10:05,440 uh and the question is is it coming from 3326 02:10:08,390 --> 02:10:06,320 australia 3327 02:10:09,589 --> 02:10:08,400 instead from from some interference 3328 02:10:11,270 --> 02:10:09,599 nearby and 3329 02:10:12,950 --> 02:10:11,280 you know that would be the most likely 3330 02:10:15,109 --> 02:10:12,960 explanation because you know 3331 02:10:17,109 --> 02:10:15,119 we've been broadcasting radio waves for 3332 02:10:18,069 --> 02:10:17,119 a hundred years maybe or a little more 3333 02:10:20,310 --> 02:10:18,079 than that 3334 02:10:21,270 --> 02:10:20,320 um what's the chance that the nearest 3335 02:10:24,149 --> 02:10:21,280 star 3336 02:10:26,310 --> 02:10:24,159 is exactly synchronized with us that you 3337 02:10:28,229 --> 02:10:26,320 know it's a hundred years out of 3338 02:10:30,310 --> 02:10:28,239 uh four and a half billion years that 3339 02:10:33,350 --> 02:10:30,320 the earth existed so 3340 02:10:36,550 --> 02:10:33,360 uh only in the past uh 3341 02:10:38,390 --> 02:10:36,560 you know one part in i don't know 100 3342 02:10:41,510 --> 02:10:38,400 million or so 50 million 3343 02:10:43,030 --> 02:10:41,520 uh we've seen 3344 02:10:44,709 --> 02:10:43,040 you know we we have developed the 3345 02:10:47,030 --> 02:10:44,719 technology to do it ourselves so what's 3346 02:10:48,950 --> 02:10:47,040 the chance that the planet next to us 3347 02:10:50,390 --> 02:10:48,960 has done it exactly at the time that we 3348 02:10:52,709 --> 02:10:50,400 can observe the signal 3349 02:10:54,550 --> 02:10:52,719 i think it's pretty small you know the 3350 02:10:56,390 --> 02:10:54,560 copernican principle argues that we 3351 02:10:59,109 --> 02:10:56,400 don't live at a special 3352 02:11:00,790 --> 02:10:59,119 privilege time so i would not expect the 3353 02:11:03,830 --> 02:11:00,800 nearest star to 3354 02:11:04,310 --> 02:11:03,840 show us a signal uh if we detect ever if 3355 02:11:07,669 --> 02:11:04,320 we ever 3356 02:11:09,109 --> 02:11:07,679 see a signal it will come from a distant 3357 02:11:09,990 --> 02:11:09,119 star you know because there are many 3358 02:11:12,390 --> 02:11:10,000 more stars far 3359 02:11:13,750 --> 02:11:12,400 away there is only one star that is the 3360 02:11:16,629 --> 02:11:13,760 closest to us 3361 02:11:18,069 --> 02:11:16,639 so um you know a priori based on the 3362 02:11:20,069 --> 02:11:18,079 copernican principle i would 3363 02:11:21,510 --> 02:11:20,079 think that it's very unlikely and i 3364 02:11:22,550 --> 02:11:21,520 would think that someone in australia 3365 02:11:25,189 --> 02:11:22,560 produced this signal 3366 02:11:27,669 --> 02:11:25,199 you know the same telescope already 3367 02:11:30,790 --> 02:11:27,679 discovered the fast radio bust um 3368 02:11:33,830 --> 02:11:30,800 you know repeating source um 3369 02:11:36,069 --> 02:11:33,840 uh a few years ago and and 3370 02:11:38,709 --> 02:11:36,079 then they realized oh it comes it's 3371 02:11:40,550 --> 02:11:38,719 detected only at lunchtime 3372 02:11:42,709 --> 02:11:40,560 how is that possible and and then they 3373 02:11:43,589 --> 02:11:42,719 realize oh there is actually a microwave 3374 02:11:46,470 --> 02:11:43,599 oven 3375 02:11:48,310 --> 02:11:46,480 that someone is you know opening the 3376 02:11:49,589 --> 02:11:48,320 door of the microwave oven before it 3377 02:11:51,990 --> 02:11:49,599 finished cooking and 3378 02:11:53,830 --> 02:11:52,000 as a result they get this additional 3379 02:11:55,910 --> 02:11:53,840 signal in their telescope so 3380 02:11:57,030 --> 02:11:55,920 you know i wouldn't be surprised if 3381 02:11:59,990 --> 02:11:57,040 something like that 3382 02:12:02,229 --> 02:12:00,000 is causing it and the only way to find 3383 02:12:04,550 --> 02:12:02,239 out is to detect the same signal 3384 02:12:05,270 --> 02:12:04,560 again reproducibility is an essential 3385 02:12:07,589 --> 02:12:05,280 part 3386 02:12:09,510 --> 02:12:07,599 of science so they take the same signal 3387 02:12:12,149 --> 02:12:09,520 from another telescope located at 3388 02:12:15,589 --> 02:12:12,159 completely different geographical 3389 02:12:18,629 --> 02:12:15,599 site now i i originally thought that 3390 02:12:20,870 --> 02:12:18,639 milner and hawking uh chose 3391 02:12:21,910 --> 02:12:20,880 alpha centauri because they knew 3392 02:12:25,589 --> 02:12:21,920 something 3393 02:12:26,390 --> 02:12:25,599 right no no i mean i was i was part of 3394 02:12:29,030 --> 02:12:26,400 the 3395 02:12:30,069 --> 02:12:29,040 group of people that contemplated this 3396 02:12:32,069 --> 02:12:30,079 project and 3397 02:12:34,149 --> 02:12:32,079 it's simply because it's the nearest 3398 02:12:35,990 --> 02:12:34,159 star system so it takes the short 3399 02:12:38,229 --> 02:12:36,000 the shortest amount of time to get there 3400 02:12:40,470 --> 02:12:38,239 yes i can tell you for sure because i 3401 02:12:42,470 --> 02:12:40,480 you know i i was at the core of this i 3402 02:12:43,910 --> 02:12:42,480 actually was involved in the initiation 3403 02:12:46,149 --> 02:12:43,920 of the project 3404 02:12:48,149 --> 02:12:46,159 so you're you're you're taking the wind 3405 02:12:50,870 --> 02:12:48,159 out of my solar sails uh 3406 02:12:51,589 --> 02:12:50,880 you know by saying that but no i'm just 3407 02:12:54,310 --> 02:12:51,599 i'm reporting 3408 02:12:55,350 --> 02:12:54,320 the facts you know i don't you know like 3409 02:12:57,270 --> 02:12:55,360 like with um 3410 02:12:58,629 --> 02:12:57,280 i don't care what other people say and 3411 02:13:00,069 --> 02:12:58,639 what it does to other people you know 3412 02:13:03,430 --> 02:13:00,079 i'm just telling you the facts 3413 02:13:06,709 --> 02:13:03,440 one day i will tell you uh about 3414 02:13:08,310 --> 02:13:06,719 me meeting uh stephen hawking and 3415 02:13:09,990 --> 02:13:08,320 it was incredible i got to hang out with 3416 02:13:11,910 --> 02:13:10,000 him for a couple of hours uh 3417 02:13:13,030 --> 02:13:11,920 by the way as i tell in my book he came 3418 02:13:16,069 --> 02:13:13,040 for dinner 3419 02:13:18,310 --> 02:13:16,079 for passover dinner at my home uh 3420 02:13:19,109 --> 02:13:18,320 you know that that few weeks when he was 3421 02:13:21,750 --> 02:13:19,119 visiting 3422 02:13:22,550 --> 02:13:21,760 when we uh announced the breakthrough 3423 02:13:25,189 --> 02:13:22,560 starshot 3424 02:13:27,109 --> 02:13:25,199 initiative and and also the black hole 3425 02:13:30,229 --> 02:13:27,119 initiative at harvard university and 3426 02:13:34,550 --> 02:13:30,239 you know it all started from uh 3427 02:13:38,310 --> 02:13:34,560 when i met him in august 2015 3428 02:13:41,589 --> 02:13:38,320 uh in the royal society in london 3429 02:13:45,030 --> 02:13:41,599 and he was in a hall 3430 02:13:45,350 --> 02:13:45,040 and the caretaker approached me and said 3431 02:13:46,950 --> 02:13:45,360 that 3432 02:13:49,430 --> 02:13:46,960 would you mind speaking with stephen 3433 02:13:50,470 --> 02:13:49,440 he's bored there is nobody speaking with 3434 02:13:53,589 --> 02:13:50,480 him right now 3435 02:13:56,310 --> 02:13:53,599 so so i i came to him and i said look 3436 02:13:58,310 --> 02:13:56,320 steven we are about to establish the 3437 02:14:00,229 --> 02:13:58,320 only center in the world that focuses on 3438 02:14:01,350 --> 02:14:00,239 the study of black holes at harvard 3439 02:14:03,830 --> 02:14:01,360 university 3440 02:14:04,709 --> 02:14:03,840 and next year and we would love to have 3441 02:14:06,470 --> 02:14:04,719 you 3442 02:14:09,109 --> 02:14:06,480 for the inauguration because that is a 3443 02:14:11,669 --> 02:14:09,119 subject that you worked on for so long 3444 02:14:13,350 --> 02:14:11,679 and you know i didn't really wait for 3445 02:14:15,669 --> 02:14:13,360 him to respond because 3446 02:14:16,550 --> 02:14:15,679 it always took him a long time to to 3447 02:14:19,750 --> 02:14:16,560 type in 3448 02:14:22,149 --> 02:14:19,760 what he wants to say and right but 3449 02:14:23,830 --> 02:14:22,159 you know about six months later a 3450 02:14:24,550 --> 02:14:23,840 colleague of mine came to my office and 3451 02:14:26,470 --> 02:14:24,560 said 3452 02:14:27,830 --> 02:14:26,480 you know something really incredible 3453 02:14:30,709 --> 02:14:27,840 happened because 3454 02:14:32,229 --> 02:14:30,719 i just visited stephen hawking and he 3455 02:14:35,109 --> 02:14:32,239 spent the whole day 3456 02:14:36,870 --> 02:14:35,119 writing a letter to his physician asking 3457 02:14:39,830 --> 02:14:36,880 the physician for permission 3458 02:14:41,189 --> 02:14:39,840 to visit harvard university and attend 3459 02:14:42,550 --> 02:14:41,199 the inauguration of the black hole 3460 02:14:45,109 --> 02:14:42,560 initiative and 3461 02:14:46,149 --> 02:14:45,119 and the amazing thing is the physician 3462 02:14:49,510 --> 02:14:46,159 approved it 3463 02:14:51,910 --> 02:14:49,520 you know so he never made us a trip for 3464 02:14:53,030 --> 02:14:51,920 a few years and previous trip was to the 3465 02:14:54,870 --> 02:14:53,040 white house and 3466 02:14:56,229 --> 02:14:54,880 so the physician approved it the only 3467 02:14:58,950 --> 02:14:56,239 problem was 3468 02:14:59,350 --> 02:14:58,960 that it would cost half a million dollar 3469 02:15:02,790 --> 02:14:59,360 to 3470 02:15:04,629 --> 02:15:02,800 that's he 3471 02:15:05,990 --> 02:15:04,639 my colleague said well that's your 3472 02:15:07,430 --> 02:15:06,000 problem because you are the founding 3473 02:15:07,990 --> 02:15:07,440 director of the black hole initiative 3474 02:15:11,270 --> 02:15:08,000 you need to 3475 02:15:13,189 --> 02:15:11,280 right 3476 02:15:14,629 --> 02:15:13,199 well not to check so so i found a 3477 02:15:16,709 --> 02:15:14,639 creative solution and 3478 02:15:17,669 --> 02:15:16,719 right you know we didn't within a week 3479 02:15:20,470 --> 02:15:17,679 we had 3480 02:15:21,990 --> 02:15:20,480 that funding and then he came over and 3481 02:15:25,109 --> 02:15:22,000 gladly you know he he 3482 02:15:25,990 --> 02:15:25,119 also came to my house for uh passover 3483 02:15:31,109 --> 02:15:26,000 dinner 3484 02:15:34,229 --> 02:15:31,119 it was april 2016 and it was a very fun 3485 02:15:36,629 --> 02:15:34,239 visit and i talked about it in my book 3486 02:15:39,189 --> 02:15:36,639 his uh same thing happened with me sort 3487 02:15:41,430 --> 02:15:39,199 of his uh caretaker his nurse 3488 02:15:43,189 --> 02:15:41,440 came up to me and said uh can you hang 3489 02:15:44,229 --> 02:15:43,199 out for just a second i've got something 3490 02:15:46,950 --> 02:15:44,239 to do to 3491 02:15:47,990 --> 02:15:46,960 and and and i was like says stephen 3492 02:15:50,149 --> 02:15:48,000 hawking right 3493 02:15:51,669 --> 02:15:50,159 so i go up and it's just the two of us 3494 02:15:55,350 --> 02:15:51,679 and he types out 3495 02:15:56,580 --> 02:15:55,360 on his screen he says 3496 02:15:59,589 --> 02:15:56,590 are you a cop 3497 02:16:02,470 --> 02:15:59,599 [Laughter] 3498 02:16:04,149 --> 02:16:02,480 and i said no i am not but it is a 3499 02:16:06,229 --> 02:16:04,159 pleasure to meet you um 3500 02:16:07,669 --> 02:16:06,239 what a great conversation tonight and 3501 02:16:08,870 --> 02:16:07,679 and i want to thank you for taking the 3502 02:16:11,030 --> 02:16:08,880 time to come on the show 3503 02:16:11,990 --> 02:16:11,040 i wanted one last question about stephen 3504 02:16:15,510 --> 02:16:12,000 hawking 3505 02:16:18,229 --> 02:16:15,520 where he has warned us 3506 02:16:19,030 --> 02:16:18,239 right let's not let's not reach out 3507 02:16:22,069 --> 02:16:19,040 let's 3508 02:16:25,270 --> 02:16:22,079 we don't know we may not 3509 02:16:27,510 --> 02:16:25,280 like what comes and visits us 3510 02:16:29,030 --> 02:16:27,520 they may not have our best intentions in 3511 02:16:32,150 --> 02:16:29,040 mind 3512 02:16:35,349 --> 02:16:32,160 did that change after you 3513 02:16:38,070 --> 02:16:35,359 uh came on board did he change that view 3514 02:16:39,589 --> 02:16:38,080 at all about the possibility of making 3515 02:16:41,349 --> 02:16:39,599 contact 3516 02:16:42,790 --> 02:16:41,359 he didn't change the view and i pretty 3517 02:16:44,950 --> 02:16:42,800 much agree with him 3518 02:16:46,469 --> 02:16:44,960 because when you enter a room full of 3519 02:16:49,429 --> 02:16:46,479 strangers 3520 02:16:50,790 --> 02:16:49,439 you better stay quiet and listen rather 3521 02:16:53,589 --> 02:16:50,800 than speak because you never know 3522 02:16:57,270 --> 02:16:53,599 whether there are predators that may 3523 02:16:59,990 --> 02:16:57,280 endanger your existence and you know the 3524 02:17:01,110 --> 02:17:00,000 the dinosaurs were very happy eating 3525 02:17:03,030 --> 02:17:01,120 grass 3526 02:17:05,349 --> 02:17:03,040 and being very proud of their huge 3527 02:17:06,230 --> 02:17:05,359 bodies and you know they dominated their 3528 02:17:10,389 --> 02:17:06,240 environment 3529 02:17:13,110 --> 02:17:10,399 but their ego trip was tarnished 3530 02:17:14,150 --> 02:17:13,120 abruptly when a giant rock roughly the 3531 02:17:17,190 --> 02:17:14,160 size of manhattan 3532 02:17:17,990 --> 02:17:17,200 island hit the ground 66 million years 3533 02:17:21,110 --> 02:17:18,000 ago 3534 02:17:23,270 --> 02:17:21,120 and killed them and killed the three 3535 02:17:25,990 --> 02:17:23,280 quarters of the life forms on earth 3536 02:17:27,190 --> 02:17:26,000 and you know that is a very important 3537 02:17:30,230 --> 02:17:27,200 lesson for us that 3538 02:17:31,990 --> 02:17:30,240 we need to know about our environment we 3539 02:17:34,469 --> 02:17:32,000 better get that information 3540 02:17:35,830 --> 02:17:34,479 because who knows whether there are 3541 02:17:38,549 --> 02:17:35,840 risks out there 3542 02:17:39,589 --> 02:17:38,559 um i have uh i've done some rough 3543 02:17:42,870 --> 02:17:39,599 numbers 3544 02:17:43,990 --> 02:17:42,880 and we'll close with this uh we've got 3545 02:17:47,270 --> 02:17:44,000 about 3546 02:17:51,429 --> 02:17:47,280 500 star systems that 3547 02:17:55,110 --> 02:17:51,439 are 50 light years from earth 3548 02:17:58,230 --> 02:17:55,120 approximately right okay we have been 3549 02:18:00,309 --> 02:17:58,240 sending radio and television signals of 3550 02:18:02,549 --> 02:18:00,319 strength for about a hundred years 3551 02:18:03,990 --> 02:18:02,559 uh rougher you know rather give or take 3552 02:18:07,429 --> 02:18:04,000 right 3553 02:18:10,549 --> 02:18:07,439 do you anticipate the return 3554 02:18:12,870 --> 02:18:10,559 calls uh coming back now 3555 02:18:13,669 --> 02:18:12,880 where we have achieved you know the 100 3556 02:18:16,389 --> 02:18:13,679 years out 3557 02:18:16,870 --> 02:18:16,399 we need the 50 you know that the 50-year 3558 02:18:20,549 --> 02:18:16,880 round 3559 02:18:23,270 --> 02:18:20,559 trip would it surprise you if we started 3560 02:18:24,790 --> 02:18:23,280 receiving something from somewhere well 3561 02:18:26,950 --> 02:18:24,800 that would be good news 3562 02:18:28,230 --> 02:18:26,960 if we receive a signal what i'm worried 3563 02:18:30,549 --> 02:18:28,240 about 3564 02:18:31,910 --> 02:18:30,559 is that they will come to wipe us out 3565 02:18:35,030 --> 02:18:31,920 you know and 3566 02:18:37,110 --> 02:18:35,040 if they use uh chemical rockets like 3567 02:18:39,349 --> 02:18:37,120 we used in the context of voyager 1 3568 02:18:41,190 --> 02:18:39,359 voyager 2 new horizons 3569 02:18:42,790 --> 02:18:41,200 then it would take them about a million 3570 02:18:45,429 --> 02:18:42,800 years to cross 3571 02:18:46,469 --> 02:18:45,439 a hundred light years okay the distance 3572 02:18:53,349 --> 02:18:46,479 that 3573 02:18:55,990 --> 02:18:53,359 uh so you know we we might still have 3574 02:18:57,990 --> 02:18:56,000 a long time but eventually you know 3575 02:19:00,950 --> 02:18:58,000 within a million years 3576 02:19:02,870 --> 02:19:00,960 they'll get here now if they use their 3577 02:19:04,830 --> 02:19:02,880 propulsion that is much faster than 3578 02:19:08,230 --> 02:19:04,840 rockets they might get 3579 02:19:10,709 --> 02:19:08,240 earlier and we just need to monitor the 3580 02:19:12,870 --> 02:19:10,719 sky for anything unusual coming our way 3581 02:19:15,030 --> 02:19:12,880 you know we need the just like you have 3582 02:19:18,790 --> 02:19:15,040 radar systems warning us 3583 02:19:19,669 --> 02:19:18,800 from uh you know ballistic missiles we 3584 02:19:21,429 --> 02:19:19,679 need the 3585 02:19:23,190 --> 02:19:21,439 other things that warn us you know 3586 02:19:24,709 --> 02:19:23,200 telescopes that warn us of something 3587 02:19:27,830 --> 02:19:24,719 coming our way 3588 02:19:30,469 --> 02:19:27,840 and we should just be on on alert uh 3589 02:19:33,349 --> 02:19:30,479 who knows uh it would have been much 3590 02:19:35,429 --> 02:19:33,359 better if we didn't broadcast 3591 02:19:36,389 --> 02:19:35,439 you know and that was not a wise move on 3592 02:19:39,750 --> 02:19:36,399 our on our 3593 02:19:43,190 --> 02:19:39,760 side the uh uh 3594 02:19:46,469 --> 02:19:43,200 the space force is now with us 3595 02:19:47,349 --> 02:19:46,479 you know and and then what i've got 30 3596 02:19:49,590 --> 02:19:47,359 seconds 3597 02:19:50,630 --> 02:19:49,600 what about faster than light travel or 3598 02:19:53,910 --> 02:19:50,640 folding space 3599 02:19:57,190 --> 02:19:53,920 or wormholes and these other 3600 02:20:00,469 --> 02:19:57,200 crazy concepts and defeating 3601 02:20:03,750 --> 02:20:00,479 the chemical side of space travel and 3602 02:20:05,429 --> 02:20:03,760 mechanical ways of doing it well it's in 3603 02:20:07,190 --> 02:20:05,439 it's worth in investigating those 3604 02:20:10,070 --> 02:20:07,200 possibilities but as of now we 3605 02:20:10,630 --> 02:20:10,080 don't know how to produce faster than 3606 02:20:13,429 --> 02:20:10,640 light 3607 02:20:15,030 --> 02:20:13,439 travel we we just didn't find a 3608 02:20:17,750 --> 02:20:15,040 practical way but not also 3609 02:20:19,830 --> 02:20:17,760 a conceptual way of generating a space 3610 02:20:23,590 --> 02:20:19,840 time that allows us to do that and 3611 02:20:26,309 --> 02:20:23,600 as of now i would say it's not possible 3612 02:20:27,030 --> 02:20:26,319 for et if he's a billion years ahead of 3613 02:20:29,110 --> 02:20:27,040 us 3614 02:20:31,190 --> 02:20:29,120 oh you know everything is possible for 3615 02:20:33,270 --> 02:20:31,200 et because we just don't know what will 3616 02:20:35,510 --> 02:20:33,280 happen in billion years for us 3617 02:20:37,750 --> 02:20:35,520 from now so actually meeting an eti that 3618 02:20:39,510 --> 02:20:37,760 is much more advanced than we are 3619 02:20:41,510 --> 02:20:39,520 is a way of meeting our future and 3620 02:20:44,150 --> 02:20:41,520 that's one additional incentive 3621 02:20:45,830 --> 02:20:44,160 for looking at the sky avi loeb thank 3622 02:20:48,070 --> 02:20:45,840 you so much my friend what a great 3623 02:20:48,790 --> 02:20:48,080 conversation i look forward to the next 3624 02:20:51,830 --> 02:20:48,800 one 3625 02:20:54,630 --> 02:20:51,840 much success to the book it's been great 3626 02:20:55,270 --> 02:20:54,640 and uh be safe out there thanks for 3627 02:20:58,710 --> 02:20:55,280 having me 3628 02:21:00,630 --> 02:20:58,720 you're the best avi loeb 3629 02:21:02,870 --> 02:21:00,640 i'm gonna take a quick break this is 3630 02:21:05,190 --> 02:21:02,880 fade to black i'm your host jimmy church 3631 02:21:15,890 --> 02:21:05,200 i'll be right back with your phone call 3632 02:21:31,429 --> 02:21:28,710 [Music] 3633 02:21:32,950 --> 02:21:31,439 hey what up joshua fox here and you are 3634 02:21:38,230 --> 02:21:32,960 listening to my boy 3635 02:21:44,190 --> 02:21:41,429 despite popular opinion reading a book 3636 02:21:47,440 --> 02:21:44,200 will not make you smarter 3637 02:21:50,469 --> 02:21:48,790 [Applause] 3638 02:21:52,550 --> 02:21:50,479 this is jimmy church of fade to black 3639 02:21:55,750 --> 02:21:52,560 and i take life change t 3640 02:21:56,469 --> 02:21:55,760 supplements every single day it's what i 3641 02:21:58,990 --> 02:21:56,479 do 3642 02:22:02,630 --> 02:21:59,000 click on their banner at 3643 02:22:07,349 --> 02:22:04,790 when you take the beans from central 3644 02:22:08,630 --> 02:22:07,359 america with dashes of indonesian and 3645 02:22:10,870 --> 02:22:08,640 african mixed in 3646 02:22:12,230 --> 02:22:10,880 and then roasted to the dark side of 3647 02:22:15,510 --> 02:22:12,240 fade to black 3648 02:22:18,469 --> 02:22:15,520 you create the ultimate brew of fringe 3649 02:22:19,190 --> 02:22:18,479 introducing the fade to black blend from 3650 02:22:24,710 --> 02:22:19,200 river moon 3651 02:22:25,190 --> 02:22:24,720 customized roast was created for the 3652 02:22:28,389 --> 02:22:25,200 love 3653 02:22:31,270 --> 02:22:28,399 of fade to black the alchemy of 3654 02:22:34,550 --> 02:22:31,280 masterful roasting and smoking the beans 3655 02:22:38,070 --> 02:22:34,560 is in every sip of this full-bodied dark 3656 02:22:40,070 --> 02:22:38,080 java i need my coffee doc deep 3657 02:22:42,630 --> 02:22:40,080 with distinct bittersweet chocolate 3658 02:22:45,030 --> 02:22:42,640 highlights just like the bunker 3659 02:22:45,910 --> 02:22:45,040 leaning further into the darkness of the 3660 02:22:48,230 --> 02:22:45,920 roast is 3661 02:22:49,190 --> 02:22:48,240 fade to black blend from river moon 3662 02:22:50,910 --> 02:22:49,200 coffee 3663 02:22:52,870 --> 02:22:50,920 just click on the banner at 3664 02:22:53,270 --> 02:22:52,880 jimmychurchradio.com and use the promo 3665 02:22:58,630 --> 02:22:53,280 code 3666 02:23:00,630 --> 02:22:58,640 f2b blend for 15 off of your order today 3667 02:23:02,230 --> 02:23:00,640 hello my name is billy carson and i'm a 3668 02:23:03,990 --> 02:23:02,240 bestselling author and the founder of 3669 02:23:05,590 --> 02:23:04,000 forbidden knowledge dot tv 3670 02:23:07,910 --> 02:23:05,600 together with my team we have built a 3671 02:23:09,510 --> 02:23:07,920 all new contest streaming tv platform 3672 02:23:11,429 --> 02:23:09,520 designed with every family member in 3673 02:23:12,710 --> 02:23:11,439 mind if you have ever wanted to travel 3674 02:23:14,230 --> 02:23:12,720 the world and attend lectures and 3675 02:23:15,270 --> 02:23:14,240 workshops from your favorite speakers 3676 02:23:17,990 --> 02:23:15,280 who weren't able to 3677 02:23:18,630 --> 02:23:18,000 look no further forbidden knowledge dot 3678 02:23:20,309 --> 02:23:18,640 tv 3679 02:23:22,230 --> 02:23:20,319 there are dozens of workshops and 3680 02:23:24,309 --> 02:23:22,240 lectures from speakers you know and love 3681 02:23:26,150 --> 02:23:24,319 we have also included amazing categories 3682 02:23:27,990 --> 02:23:26,160 to assure that your consciousness is 3683 02:23:28,630 --> 02:23:28,000 entertained and elevating on a daily 3684 02:23:30,710 --> 02:23:28,640 basis 3685 02:23:33,110 --> 02:23:30,720 amazing interviews ancient history 3686 02:23:35,830 --> 02:23:33,120 ascension knowledge wisdom teachings 3687 02:23:36,870 --> 02:23:35,840 documentaries conspiracies mysteries 3688 02:23:39,270 --> 02:23:36,880 health and fitness 3689 02:23:40,630 --> 02:23:39,280 conscious cooking meditations finance 3690 02:23:42,630 --> 02:23:40,640 yoga and so much more 3691 02:23:43,830 --> 02:23:42,640 to start your free trial on any mobile 3692 02:23:46,469 --> 02:23:43,840 device or computer 3693 02:23:47,030 --> 02:23:46,479 surf to forbidden knowledge dot tv 3694 02:23:49,030 --> 02:23:47,040 that's 3695 02:23:51,270 --> 02:23:49,040 forbidden knowledge with the number four 3696 02:23:55,429 --> 02:23:51,280 forbidden knowledge dot tv 3697 02:23:57,590 --> 02:23:55,439 today 3698 02:23:58,630 --> 02:23:57,600 are you intrigued by paranormal talk 3699 02:24:01,110 --> 02:23:58,640 radio you 3700 02:24:01,990 --> 02:24:01,120 love the new paranormal radio app from 3701 02:24:04,550 --> 02:24:02,000 talk stream 3702 02:24:06,630 --> 02:24:04,560 live you'll find a great selection of 3703 02:24:09,750 --> 02:24:06,640 talk shows covering ufos 3704 02:24:12,150 --> 02:24:09,760 ghosts strange phenomena and much more 3705 02:24:13,910 --> 02:24:12,160 download the paranormal radio app now 3706 02:24:15,830 --> 02:24:13,920 and start listening to the very best in 3707 02:24:17,349 --> 02:24:15,840 paranormal talk entertainment 3708 02:24:20,230 --> 02:24:17,359 including the network you're listening 3709 02:24:26,830 --> 02:24:20,240 to right now the paranormal radio app 3710 02:24:26,840 --> 02:24:32,550 store 3711 02:24:40,830 --> 02:24:35,590 it's not a lifestyle we chose we were 3712 02:24:40,840 --> 02:24:44,950 kgraradio.com 3713 02:24:44,960 --> 02:25:01,310 this is kjcr jimmychurchradio.com 3714 02:25:06,450 --> 02:25:03,750 [Music] 3715 02:25:09,110 --> 02:25:06,460 all right welcome back fade to black 3716 02:25:11,750 --> 02:25:09,120 [Music] 3717 02:25:12,550 --> 02:25:11,760 that was an amazing conversation 3718 02:25:16,790 --> 02:25:12,560 recorded 3719 02:25:20,389 --> 02:25:16,800 earlier tonight without below but we did 3720 02:25:23,670 --> 02:25:20,399 the uh interview uh at about 3721 02:25:26,710 --> 02:25:23,680 uh 4 p.m uh 3722 02:25:30,389 --> 02:25:26,720 right before the show so it was as 3723 02:25:33,070 --> 02:25:30,399 live as we could make it and uh so there 3724 02:25:37,990 --> 02:25:34,550 747-228-2051 3725 02:25:41,110 --> 02:25:38,000 i've opened up the phone lines and 3726 02:25:44,150 --> 02:25:41,120 now i'm live now i'm live live 3727 02:25:47,510 --> 02:25:44,160 and uh i want to say uh a 3728 02:25:49,190 --> 02:25:47,520 big shout out to the youtube a chat room 3729 02:25:53,910 --> 02:25:49,200 where i hung out all night 3730 02:26:00,469 --> 02:25:57,030 right youtube is amazing and i 3731 02:26:04,389 --> 02:26:00,479 am you know i'm so acclimated to the 3732 02:26:08,309 --> 02:26:04,399 uh the sandbox and focusing 3733 02:26:10,710 --> 02:26:08,319 on uh the youtube chat 3734 02:26:13,270 --> 02:26:10,720 um one of my comments uh in there 3735 02:26:17,110 --> 02:26:13,280 earlier first off it's fast 3736 02:26:20,150 --> 02:26:17,120 man man man and and so was the sandbox 3737 02:26:22,150 --> 02:26:20,160 the sandbox is bigger and i've got it's 3738 02:26:26,150 --> 02:26:22,160 colorized it's black 3739 02:26:29,910 --> 02:26:26,160 background with white and 3740 02:26:31,590 --> 02:26:29,920 i can read that i can read the youtube 3741 02:26:34,230 --> 02:26:31,600 chat too as well 3742 02:26:35,670 --> 02:26:34,240 but it is fast it's rapid and it's 3743 02:26:37,510 --> 02:26:35,680 smaller i don't know 3744 02:26:38,790 --> 02:26:37,520 anything about youtube i don't know if 3745 02:26:40,550 --> 02:26:38,800 you can uh 3746 02:26:42,150 --> 02:26:40,560 change the background colors and things 3747 02:26:45,429 --> 02:26:42,160 maybe you can i don't know 3748 02:26:48,070 --> 02:26:45,439 i'll take the advice later but focusing 3749 02:26:52,790 --> 02:26:48,080 on that i was getting cross-eyed 3750 02:26:55,670 --> 02:26:52,800 and trying to comment and i'm missing 3751 02:26:57,030 --> 02:26:55,680 uh so much of it uh trying to keep up 3752 02:26:57,510 --> 02:26:57,040 with it but i'm just gonna say this 3753 02:27:00,630 --> 02:26:57,520 right now 3754 02:27:03,750 --> 02:27:00,640 youtube uh that chat room you guys 3755 02:27:04,070 --> 02:27:03,760 are absolutely amazing and uh i really 3756 02:27:06,710 --> 02:27:04,080 had 3757 02:27:07,429 --> 02:27:06,720 a lot of fun and the comments uh with 3758 02:27:11,590 --> 02:27:07,439 everybody 3759 02:27:14,230 --> 02:27:11,600 over there was uh i appreciate it 3760 02:27:15,510 --> 02:27:14,240 we should do this more often well yeah i 3761 02:27:17,270 --> 02:27:15,520 can't 3762 02:27:18,630 --> 02:27:17,280 the only reason why that happened 3763 02:27:21,349 --> 02:27:18,640 tonight is because 3764 02:27:22,469 --> 02:27:21,359 we taped for like the second or third 3765 02:27:24,309 --> 02:27:22,479 time 3766 02:27:26,790 --> 02:27:24,319 in the history of fade to black and we 3767 02:27:29,910 --> 02:27:26,800 had to do that for avi because 3768 02:27:30,950 --> 02:27:29,920 he gets up uh at 4 00 a.m literally and 3769 02:27:33,910 --> 02:27:30,960 and starts teaching 3770 02:27:35,270 --> 02:27:33,920 over there at harvard and uh it was the 3771 02:27:37,990 --> 02:27:35,280 only way that we could make 3772 02:27:38,870 --> 02:27:38,000 the show happen tonight um lots of 3773 02:27:42,710 --> 02:27:38,880 takeaways 3774 02:27:46,070 --> 02:27:42,720 uh for me in in the show 3775 02:27:48,550 --> 02:27:46,080 in his conversation one 3776 02:27:52,110 --> 02:27:48,560 well i've got a lot i'll get to that um 3777 02:27:57,030 --> 02:27:53,830 747-228-2051 3778 02:27:58,870 --> 02:27:57,040 and what what is really strange is i 3779 02:28:01,750 --> 02:27:58,880 don't see the phone lines lighting up 3780 02:28:03,429 --> 02:28:01,760 i would have assumed i'm speaking 3781 02:28:05,750 --> 02:28:03,439 everybody out there 3782 02:28:06,710 --> 02:28:05,760 i would have assumed that the phone 3783 02:28:11,030 --> 02:28:06,720 lines would have 3784 02:28:16,349 --> 02:28:11,040 lit up and and and they haven't 3785 02:28:21,349 --> 02:28:18,070 747-228-2051 3786 02:28:24,630 --> 02:28:21,359 and okay there's uh 3787 02:28:28,670 --> 02:28:24,640 uh one call coming in let's 3788 02:28:33,510 --> 02:28:31,429 747-228-2051 i want to see okay 3789 02:28:35,270 --> 02:28:33,520 let's go is that what i got to do is 3790 02:28:38,950 --> 02:28:35,280 that what i got to do with all of you 3791 02:28:44,230 --> 02:28:41,670 five 747-228-2051 i'm waiting seven 3792 02:28:50,950 --> 02:28:47,590 i'm cross-eyed man that youtube chat 3793 02:28:54,710 --> 02:28:50,960 whoo man uh and 3794 02:28:58,309 --> 02:28:54,720 and this is um another thing for me 3795 02:29:00,950 --> 02:28:58,319 listening to myself 3796 02:29:03,510 --> 02:29:00,960 i don't dig it all right and my kind you 3797 02:29:06,790 --> 02:29:03,520 know it is it's nails on the chalkboard 3798 02:29:09,910 --> 02:29:06,800 but going back and listening to the 3799 02:29:13,429 --> 02:29:09,920 flow of that conversation with avi i 3800 02:29:17,429 --> 02:29:13,439 i over the last 3801 02:29:20,389 --> 02:29:17,439 well few years certainly but um 3802 02:29:22,070 --> 02:29:20,399 over the uh last couple of months i've 3803 02:29:24,790 --> 02:29:22,080 tried to catch as many of his 3804 02:29:26,230 --> 02:29:24,800 interviews as i can i don't know if he 3805 02:29:29,270 --> 02:29:26,240 mentioned this during the show 3806 02:29:34,830 --> 02:29:29,280 i know he did uh before the show tonight 3807 02:29:37,429 --> 02:29:34,840 um he did 350 interviews this month 3808 02:29:38,469 --> 02:29:37,439 350 now most of them are a couple of 3809 02:29:40,230 --> 02:29:38,479 minutes and 3810 02:29:41,510 --> 02:29:40,240 and five minutes here and there some of 3811 02:29:45,110 --> 02:29:41,520 them are are full 3812 02:29:48,550 --> 02:29:45,120 shows and i i know 3813 02:29:50,550 --> 02:29:48,560 what people ask him i do 3814 02:29:52,550 --> 02:29:50,560 and i've heard the same questions over 3815 02:29:55,830 --> 02:29:52,560 and over again he's a professional 3816 02:29:57,590 --> 02:29:55,840 and he addresses everybody but i didn't 3817 02:30:00,710 --> 02:29:57,600 want to do that tonight 3818 02:30:03,590 --> 02:30:00,720 i didn't want to ask one question 3819 02:30:04,469 --> 02:30:03,600 that he has been hit with over and over 3820 02:30:07,270 --> 02:30:04,479 again 3821 02:30:10,389 --> 02:30:07,280 and i think it was refreshing for him he 3822 02:30:13,429 --> 02:30:10,399 was able to just 3823 02:30:15,910 --> 02:30:13,439 let it go and that's uh that's 3824 02:30:19,190 --> 02:30:15,920 that was my takeaway uh with this 3825 02:30:22,070 --> 02:30:19,200 conversation tonight listening to it 3826 02:30:23,110 --> 02:30:22,080 and i think i i i think i hung i think i 3827 02:30:25,830 --> 02:30:23,120 hung with avi 3828 02:30:27,349 --> 02:30:25,840 and remember um and i said this in the 3829 02:30:28,630 --> 02:30:27,359 youtube chat so i'm going to repeat 3830 02:30:32,630 --> 02:30:28,640 myself 3831 02:30:36,630 --> 02:30:32,640 that i'm not a phd i'm not a physicist 3832 02:30:39,750 --> 02:30:36,640 i'm not i study it i try to 3833 02:30:42,790 --> 02:30:39,760 absorb it the best that i can 3834 02:30:45,349 --> 02:30:42,800 and and i think he appreciates that that 3835 02:30:46,150 --> 02:30:45,359 i know a little bit about what i'm 3836 02:30:49,830 --> 02:30:46,160 talking about 3837 02:30:53,670 --> 02:30:49,840 i'm researched in it and 3838 02:30:54,469 --> 02:30:53,680 he i i was able to see his facial 3839 02:30:57,590 --> 02:30:54,479 expressions 3840 02:31:00,070 --> 02:30:57,600 uh during uh the interview 3841 02:31:01,429 --> 02:31:00,080 uh we we uh we had live video running 3842 02:31:04,150 --> 02:31:01,439 back and forth 3843 02:31:06,150 --> 02:31:04,160 and he was he was appreciative he was 3844 02:31:09,349 --> 02:31:06,160 smiling and i think that he 3845 02:31:12,550 --> 02:31:09,359 really enjoyed uh the conversation 3846 02:31:13,349 --> 02:31:12,560 and it was it was pretty solid so for me 3847 02:31:15,830 --> 02:31:13,359 i think i 3848 02:31:16,469 --> 02:31:15,840 got what i wanted out of the interview 3849 02:31:19,750 --> 02:31:16,479 we left 3850 02:31:22,230 --> 02:31:19,760 a lot on the table um i know that we're 3851 02:31:25,110 --> 02:31:22,240 gonna have him back after he gets 3852 02:31:26,630 --> 02:31:25,120 through with uh these interviews uh with 3853 02:31:27,510 --> 02:31:26,640 the publicity for the book and 3854 02:31:29,910 --> 02:31:27,520 everything else 3855 02:31:31,270 --> 02:31:29,920 there's a lot of a lot of media reaching 3856 02:31:33,750 --> 02:31:31,280 out to him right now 3857 02:31:34,469 --> 02:31:33,760 and for him to give us two hours of his 3858 02:31:37,030 --> 02:31:34,479 time 3859 02:31:39,429 --> 02:31:37,040 when he is doing back to back to back to 3860 02:31:41,750 --> 02:31:39,439 back interviews all day long 3861 02:31:42,870 --> 02:31:41,760 i really appreciate it and i hope that 3862 02:31:45,349 --> 02:31:42,880 all of you 3863 02:31:46,230 --> 02:31:45,359 uh enjoyed that conversation tonight all 3864 02:31:49,910 --> 02:31:46,240 right so 3865 02:31:51,830 --> 02:31:49,920 with that uh let's go random let's see 3866 02:31:53,349 --> 02:31:51,840 who's on hold let's see who's up first 3867 02:31:54,870 --> 02:31:53,359 hi you're live on fade to black who's 3868 02:31:58,550 --> 02:31:54,880 calling 3869 02:32:01,990 --> 02:31:58,560 oh wait oh man i am 3870 02:32:04,469 --> 02:32:02,000 i'm asleep at the wheel 3871 02:32:06,230 --> 02:32:04,479 all right now let's see if we can do it 3872 02:32:08,630 --> 02:32:06,240 again hi you're live i'm fade to black 3873 02:32:11,910 --> 02:32:08,640 who's calling 3874 02:32:15,110 --> 02:32:11,920 hey jimmy uh this is uh eric the artist 3875 02:32:17,510 --> 02:32:15,120 hey eric how are you man 3876 02:32:18,550 --> 02:32:17,520 oh great i thoroughly enjoyed the show i 3877 02:32:21,190 --> 02:32:18,560 was actually 3878 02:32:22,309 --> 02:32:21,200 uh eagerly awaiting this episode when 3879 02:32:24,230 --> 02:32:22,319 you uh 3880 02:32:25,670 --> 02:32:24,240 posted it publicly last week i was like 3881 02:32:29,030 --> 02:32:25,680 oh cool i'll be lobe 3882 02:32:30,150 --> 02:32:29,040 i i'm a huge fan well um and and i know 3883 02:32:32,790 --> 02:32:30,160 that you are 3884 02:32:34,389 --> 02:32:32,800 and and eric it it goes without saying 3885 02:32:37,750 --> 02:32:34,399 that you stay on top 3886 02:32:39,110 --> 02:32:37,760 of uh the ufo community and what has 3887 02:32:41,270 --> 02:32:39,120 been going on and you've been doing this 3888 02:32:44,790 --> 02:32:41,280 for a couple of decades so 3889 02:32:46,950 --> 02:32:44,800 uh but avi is is somebody that everybody 3890 02:32:49,110 --> 02:32:46,960 is talking about right now and i'm sure 3891 02:32:50,070 --> 02:32:49,120 that you've listened to other interviews 3892 02:32:52,309 --> 02:32:50,080 what did you think about the 3893 02:32:55,030 --> 02:32:52,319 conversation yeah yeah what'd you think 3894 02:32:58,870 --> 02:32:55,040 about the conversation tonight 3895 02:33:02,150 --> 02:32:58,880 a couple things um the the huge one 3896 02:33:04,790 --> 02:33:02,160 in in obvi's not the only one that 3897 02:33:07,590 --> 02:33:04,800 um conversationally neglects it but i 3898 02:33:11,349 --> 02:33:07,600 find it to be a huge detriment 3899 02:33:15,429 --> 02:33:11,359 in relation to human beings and 3900 02:33:18,710 --> 02:33:15,439 our gross limitations of the 3901 02:33:21,590 --> 02:33:18,720 space exploration surely 3902 02:33:22,710 --> 02:33:21,600 yes we can be exploring the solar system 3903 02:33:25,750 --> 02:33:22,720 and we're doing that 3904 02:33:27,190 --> 02:33:25,760 uh baby steps and we're doing it as 3905 02:33:29,190 --> 02:33:27,200 effectively as we can 3906 02:33:30,309 --> 02:33:29,200 without our own stupidity getting in the 3907 02:33:32,870 --> 02:33:30,319 way 3908 02:33:34,790 --> 02:33:32,880 but the thing that is is the most 3909 02:33:35,990 --> 02:33:34,800 daunting and i made a little blurb in 3910 02:33:39,670 --> 02:33:36,000 the sandbox about it 3911 02:33:41,670 --> 02:33:39,680 is um what most 3912 02:33:43,830 --> 02:33:41,680 human beings don't realize is that the 3913 02:33:45,830 --> 02:33:43,840 earth the solar system itself is right 3914 02:33:46,550 --> 02:33:45,840 smack dab in the middle of one of the 3915 02:33:49,270 --> 02:33:46,560 largest 3916 02:33:50,550 --> 02:33:49,280 voids in our galaxy that we have ever 3917 02:33:53,750 --> 02:33:50,560 found 3918 02:33:57,030 --> 02:33:53,760 it is huge whereas 3919 02:34:00,389 --> 02:33:57,040 there are much more densely packed 3920 02:34:02,710 --> 02:34:00,399 portions of our galaxy that are 3921 02:34:03,510 --> 02:34:02,720 full of planets and stars that make 3922 02:34:07,590 --> 02:34:03,520 travel 3923 02:34:10,630 --> 02:34:07,600 and the time issue much more 3924 02:34:13,910 --> 02:34:10,640 uh workable and a an 3925 02:34:16,150 --> 02:34:13,920 easily achievable thing relatively given 3926 02:34:20,150 --> 02:34:16,160 the technology of whatever 3927 02:34:23,349 --> 02:34:20,160 the exploring civilization is 3928 02:34:26,230 --> 02:34:23,359 however with us you know 3929 02:34:27,670 --> 02:34:26,240 everything that we're doing is going to 3930 02:34:29,349 --> 02:34:27,680 require 3931 02:34:31,349 --> 02:34:29,359 we we shouldn't be looking at 3932 02:34:34,550 --> 02:34:31,359 necessarily speed 3933 02:34:37,270 --> 02:34:34,560 we should be looking at things like uh 3934 02:34:37,990 --> 02:34:37,280 investing in what's called a generation 3935 02:34:41,110 --> 02:34:38,000 ship 3936 02:34:44,790 --> 02:34:41,120 where we actually build something 3937 02:34:47,670 --> 02:34:44,800 very large in space in low earth orbit 3938 02:34:48,230 --> 02:34:47,680 and send it off and whoever's on that 3939 02:34:51,349 --> 02:34:48,240 ship 3940 02:34:54,389 --> 02:34:51,359 will never see them again not only that 3941 02:34:55,990 --> 02:34:54,399 they are set up to where they are going 3942 02:34:58,630 --> 02:34:56,000 to be having children 3943 02:34:59,750 --> 02:34:58,640 grandchildren great-grandchildren and on 3944 02:35:02,389 --> 02:34:59,760 and on and on 3945 02:35:02,790 --> 02:35:02,399 through the entire journey and keeping 3946 02:35:06,070 --> 02:35:02,800 them 3947 02:35:06,870 --> 02:35:06,080 trained with what the objective of the 3948 02:35:08,230 --> 02:35:06,880 mission is 3949 02:35:10,150 --> 02:35:08,240 they're very much a battle star 3950 02:35:12,150 --> 02:35:10,160 galactica scenario right you're going to 3951 02:35:15,750 --> 02:35:12,160 be in space a very long 3952 02:35:16,710 --> 02:35:15,760 time a very long time generations will 3953 02:35:19,590 --> 02:35:16,720 only know 3954 02:35:20,630 --> 02:35:19,600 space that's it they won't know of earth 3955 02:35:23,110 --> 02:35:20,640 except through 3956 02:35:24,710 --> 02:35:23,120 stories and history book pictures that 3957 02:35:26,150 --> 02:35:24,720 they're taught in the classroom on board 3958 02:35:29,590 --> 02:35:26,160 the craft 3959 02:35:33,429 --> 02:35:29,600 and this is why my point number two 3960 02:35:36,389 --> 02:35:33,439 what i think we're experiencing as 3961 02:35:37,309 --> 02:35:36,399 a phenomena on this planet is not 3962 02:35:39,349 --> 02:35:37,319 necessarily 3963 02:35:40,710 --> 02:35:39,359 extraterrestrial i think that would be a 3964 02:35:44,230 --> 02:35:40,720 very rare thing 3965 02:35:46,630 --> 02:35:44,240 even if et could achieve light speed 3966 02:35:47,750 --> 02:35:46,640 uh which is according to special 3967 02:35:51,110 --> 02:35:47,760 relativity 3968 02:35:53,830 --> 02:35:51,120 impossible um 3969 02:35:54,230 --> 02:35:53,840 it would require just that a generation 3970 02:35:57,349 --> 02:35:54,240 ship 3971 02:36:01,270 --> 02:35:57,359 which means uh it would be 3972 02:36:03,190 --> 02:36:01,280 large very large you could not hide that 3973 02:36:05,190 --> 02:36:03,200 we would see it there would be some sort 3974 02:36:08,389 --> 02:36:05,200 of signal 3975 02:36:10,389 --> 02:36:08,399 signature something to look at 3976 02:36:12,070 --> 02:36:10,399 in in the light spectrum and the radio 3977 02:36:14,550 --> 02:36:12,080 spectrum we would we would 3978 02:36:16,230 --> 02:36:14,560 with our current technology we would 3979 02:36:19,270 --> 02:36:16,240 quote unquote see it 3980 02:36:20,710 --> 02:36:19,280 and we're not seeing that now let me let 3981 02:36:24,630 --> 02:36:20,720 me addre you bring up 3982 02:36:27,429 --> 02:36:24,640 uh two of the best points 3983 02:36:27,750 --> 02:36:27,439 uh that i think that constantly need to 3984 02:36:30,790 --> 02:36:27,760 be 3985 02:36:34,150 --> 02:36:30,800 addressed and so let's talk about 3986 02:36:36,870 --> 02:36:34,160 generational ships first um 3987 02:36:38,710 --> 02:36:36,880 i don't know i'm going to make all of 3988 02:36:41,349 --> 02:36:38,720 these responses brief 3989 02:36:42,389 --> 02:36:41,359 because this is a long conversation i 3990 02:36:45,429 --> 02:36:42,399 don't know 3991 02:36:45,990 --> 02:36:45,439 where if we built some ginormous ship 3992 02:36:49,349 --> 02:36:46,000 put 10 3993 02:36:52,710 --> 02:36:49,359 000 people on it 100 000 people on it 3994 02:36:55,990 --> 02:36:52,720 where we would send it 3995 02:36:59,270 --> 02:36:56,000 it would have to go to a star 3996 02:37:00,309 --> 02:36:59,280 system where we know that there is a 3997 02:37:03,429 --> 02:37:00,319 goldilocks 3998 02:37:04,710 --> 02:37:03,439 planet waiting for them you can't just 3999 02:37:07,910 --> 02:37:04,720 send them out 4000 02:37:10,469 --> 02:37:07,920 forever into it right right right 4001 02:37:11,670 --> 02:37:10,479 so i don't know where we would send it 4002 02:37:14,710 --> 02:37:11,680 first 4003 02:37:18,070 --> 02:37:14,720 but i would roll my dice on vega uh 4004 02:37:20,150 --> 02:37:18,080 well okay okay but let's let's say that 4005 02:37:21,990 --> 02:37:20,160 first right i don't know where we would 4006 02:37:25,429 --> 02:37:22,000 send it but 4007 02:37:29,190 --> 02:37:25,439 the uh uh 4008 02:37:32,950 --> 02:37:29,200 the generational idea there 4009 02:37:33,750 --> 02:37:32,960 where it would be flying for a million 4010 02:37:36,950 --> 02:37:33,760 years 4011 02:37:39,270 --> 02:37:36,960 right it could go not not for 10 4012 02:37:40,630 --> 02:37:39,280 000 years you know not for a thousand 4013 02:37:43,830 --> 02:37:40,640 years it would have to 4014 02:37:46,790 --> 02:37:43,840 go for forever 4015 02:37:47,590 --> 02:37:46,800 if it is longer than there has been 4016 02:37:49,990 --> 02:37:47,600 humanity 4017 02:37:51,990 --> 02:37:50,000 in civilization form on this planet by 4018 02:37:55,110 --> 02:37:52,000 the time it gets to where it's going 4019 02:37:59,030 --> 02:37:55,120 earth won't be here okay 4020 02:38:02,309 --> 02:37:59,040 right we will have burnt up but 4021 02:38:06,150 --> 02:38:02,319 um uh there's another part to this 4022 02:38:11,270 --> 02:38:06,160 and avi uh addressed it and it 4023 02:38:18,870 --> 02:38:14,710 a couple of minutes of laser time 4024 02:38:24,070 --> 02:38:18,880 on the micro satellites solar sail 4025 02:38:26,150 --> 02:38:24,080 achieves one fifth of the speed of light 4026 02:38:27,750 --> 02:38:26,160 a couple of minutes eric a couple of 4027 02:38:30,389 --> 02:38:27,760 minutes and you 4028 02:38:31,590 --> 02:38:30,399 are traveling faster than anything that 4029 02:38:35,349 --> 02:38:31,600 has ever been before 4030 02:38:39,349 --> 02:38:35,359 and we have that technology right now 4031 02:38:42,389 --> 02:38:39,359 we all we also have nuclear technology 4032 02:38:45,190 --> 02:38:42,399 right now and if we had non-weaponized 4033 02:38:47,110 --> 02:38:45,200 nuclear fuel on board our spacecraft and 4034 02:38:50,070 --> 02:38:47,120 removed that stupid treaty 4035 02:38:51,910 --> 02:38:50,080 out of the our program space program 4036 02:38:52,870 --> 02:38:51,920 that we signed during cold war which is 4037 02:38:56,389 --> 02:38:52,880 nonsense 4038 02:38:59,670 --> 02:38:56,399 right um we we could then 4039 02:39:02,790 --> 02:38:59,680 uh start creating craft 4040 02:39:06,309 --> 02:39:02,800 that could potentially 4041 02:39:07,750 --> 02:39:06,319 uh create a constant 1g thrust 4042 02:39:10,150 --> 02:39:07,760 now which means you don't have to turn 4043 02:39:12,870 --> 02:39:10,160 off the damn engine right and right 4044 02:39:13,429 --> 02:39:12,880 right right we did that we're talking 4045 02:39:17,030 --> 02:39:13,439 about 4046 02:39:20,710 --> 02:39:17,040 we could get to places like proxima b 4047 02:39:22,950 --> 02:39:20,720 right in like five years now and 4048 02:39:24,309 --> 02:39:22,960 there's and now when we talk about the 4049 02:39:27,990 --> 02:39:24,319 mechanical sense 4050 02:39:31,110 --> 02:39:28,000 of uh of engines 4051 02:39:32,710 --> 02:39:31,120 right as especially a nuclear version 4052 02:39:34,710 --> 02:39:32,720 that you're talking about mechanical 4053 02:39:38,550 --> 02:39:34,720 chemicals whatever 4054 02:39:42,790 --> 02:39:38,560 um the faster you go you're slowing down 4055 02:39:45,429 --> 02:39:42,800 time and you're also creating mass 4056 02:39:46,870 --> 02:39:45,439 right and if you get to light speed it's 4057 02:39:49,990 --> 02:39:46,880 infinite mass and 4058 02:39:53,429 --> 02:39:50,000 and time is now frozen and 4059 02:39:55,190 --> 02:39:53,439 so you would want to get to like 99 4060 02:39:57,270 --> 02:39:55,200 of the speed of light you don't want to 4061 02:40:01,030 --> 02:39:57,280 hit a hundred 4062 02:40:03,190 --> 02:40:01,040 i'm not so sure if that's the way to go 4063 02:40:04,309 --> 02:40:03,200 the other way to go and and that's a 4064 02:40:07,750 --> 02:40:04,319 mechanical sense 4065 02:40:10,790 --> 02:40:07,760 what avi is talking about here um 4066 02:40:14,309 --> 02:40:10,800 with you know lasers and light sails 4067 02:40:17,590 --> 02:40:14,319 you are no longer taking that with you 4068 02:40:20,790 --> 02:40:17,600 on this ship and once the ship is 4069 02:40:22,710 --> 02:40:20,800 up to that speed you don't need any more 4070 02:40:23,670 --> 02:40:22,720 propellant you don't need to worry about 4071 02:40:26,950 --> 02:40:23,680 anything 4072 02:40:30,550 --> 02:40:26,960 but you have to stop wherever you are 4073 02:40:33,590 --> 02:40:30,560 flying to right you have to hit the 4074 02:40:35,510 --> 02:40:33,600 you have to you don't slow down and uh 4075 02:40:36,710 --> 02:40:35,520 you have no resistance however long it 4076 02:40:39,190 --> 02:40:36,720 took you to 4077 02:40:40,710 --> 02:40:39,200 accelerate is exactly how long you need 4078 02:40:43,429 --> 02:40:40,720 to decelerate 4079 02:40:43,990 --> 02:40:43,439 and so somewhere halfway through the 4080 02:40:47,670 --> 02:40:44,000 trip 4081 02:40:49,750 --> 02:40:47,680 you gotta you gotta start slowing down 4082 02:40:51,590 --> 02:40:49,760 however you do that natural rockets 4083 02:40:54,230 --> 02:40:51,600 whatever some sort of bursts 4084 02:40:55,190 --> 02:40:54,240 right there's a third factor that well 4085 02:40:57,510 --> 02:40:55,200 hold on there's 4086 02:40:59,190 --> 02:40:57,520 entertained but there's the other part 4087 02:41:02,950 --> 02:40:59,200 that i wanted to address with this 4088 02:41:06,070 --> 02:41:02,960 directly is 4089 02:41:07,190 --> 02:41:06,080 if i understand when you said we're not 4090 02:41:08,389 --> 02:41:07,200 seeing that we're not seeing that we're 4091 02:41:10,309 --> 02:41:08,399 not seeing that from e.t 4092 02:41:12,870 --> 02:41:10,319 we're not seeing generational ships out 4093 02:41:17,110 --> 02:41:12,880 there we're not seeing any signatures 4094 02:41:19,590 --> 02:41:17,120 if et is 4095 02:41:22,230 --> 02:41:19,600 10 000 years in front of us that's it 4096 02:41:26,150 --> 02:41:22,240 just 10 000 years of advancement 4097 02:41:28,870 --> 02:41:26,160 e.t has figured out a way to circumvent 4098 02:41:30,230 --> 02:41:28,880 all of that it's not about traveling at 4099 02:41:32,389 --> 02:41:30,240 the speed of light 4100 02:41:34,870 --> 02:41:32,399 it's not about a mechanical movement 4101 02:41:37,510 --> 02:41:34,880 it's not about chemistry or chemicals 4102 02:41:39,110 --> 02:41:37,520 uh pushing these crafts forward it's not 4103 02:41:42,950 --> 02:41:39,120 about any of that 4104 02:41:45,830 --> 02:41:42,960 they are moving from point a to point b 4105 02:41:47,990 --> 02:41:45,840 instantly they're not dealing with the 4106 02:41:50,150 --> 02:41:48,000 speed of light they're not dealing with 4107 02:41:51,429 --> 02:41:50,160 e equals mt squared they're not dealing 4108 02:41:54,309 --> 02:41:51,439 with infinite mass 4109 02:41:56,070 --> 02:41:54,319 they're not dealing with frozen time 4110 02:41:59,110 --> 02:41:56,080 they're not dealing with any of that 4111 02:41:59,830 --> 02:41:59,120 they are somehow getting from point a to 4112 02:42:02,870 --> 02:41:59,840 point b 4113 02:42:05,030 --> 02:42:02,880 and we are not seeing those ships move 4114 02:42:08,230 --> 02:42:05,040 we're not seeing a signature out there 4115 02:42:10,950 --> 02:42:08,240 because it's not there to begin with 4116 02:42:11,349 --> 02:42:10,960 that's how you travel the stars it won't 4117 02:42:15,830 --> 02:42:11,359 be 4118 02:42:18,870 --> 02:42:15,840 generational ship 4119 02:42:21,349 --> 02:42:18,880 our view of technology right now is 4120 02:42:23,510 --> 02:42:21,359 ah we got to build a generational ship i 4121 02:42:26,870 --> 02:42:23,520 understand that we don't have any other 4122 02:42:29,110 --> 02:42:26,880 concept to base things on but 4123 02:42:30,070 --> 02:42:29,120 yeah and i think we'll actually do it 4124 02:42:33,030 --> 02:42:30,080 because 4125 02:42:34,070 --> 02:42:33,040 we're going to be i mean the big push 4126 02:42:38,150 --> 02:42:34,080 now 4127 02:42:41,349 --> 02:42:38,160 bezos who i don't think will actually 4128 02:42:42,469 --> 02:42:41,359 ever achieve orbit it drives me nuts but 4129 02:42:45,670 --> 02:42:42,479 his idea 4130 02:42:46,950 --> 02:42:45,680 and others will take it on is he wants 4131 02:42:49,349 --> 02:42:46,960 to remove 4132 02:42:51,110 --> 02:42:49,359 resource harvesting from the planet 4133 02:42:53,429 --> 02:42:51,120 altogether and begin 4134 02:42:54,389 --> 02:42:53,439 taking it from the moon asteroids things 4135 02:42:58,150 --> 02:42:54,399 like that sure 4136 02:42:58,870 --> 02:42:58,160 and if we start taking those materials 4137 02:43:02,309 --> 02:42:58,880 on moss 4138 02:43:04,389 --> 02:43:02,319 like that from those places of resource 4139 02:43:06,630 --> 02:43:04,399 we can begin constructing the 4140 02:43:08,790 --> 02:43:06,640 large-scale craft we can't do that right 4141 02:43:10,710 --> 02:43:08,800 now without some serious depletion of 4142 02:43:13,349 --> 02:43:10,720 our own planet's resources 4143 02:43:14,469 --> 02:43:13,359 and threaten the environment and and you 4144 02:43:16,389 --> 02:43:14,479 know other that 4145 02:43:17,750 --> 02:43:16,399 earth excuse me other stuff that needs 4146 02:43:21,110 --> 02:43:17,760 to stay alive 4147 02:43:23,670 --> 02:43:21,120 on on this planet you know just to begin 4148 02:43:24,230 --> 02:43:23,680 constructing large scale like is needed 4149 02:43:27,990 --> 02:43:24,240 to do 4150 02:43:31,349 --> 02:43:28,000 something like that requires i think 4151 02:43:33,830 --> 02:43:31,359 beyond our planet's capability to 4152 02:43:34,389 --> 02:43:33,840 uh generate the material that is needed 4153 02:43:37,269 --> 02:43:34,399 well yeah 4154 02:43:38,950 --> 02:43:37,279 and we're putting putting those but 4155 02:43:42,710 --> 02:43:38,960 putting that material on 4156 02:43:45,030 --> 02:43:42,720 rockets mining it from the earth right 4157 02:43:46,309 --> 02:43:45,040 and and going through the industrial 4158 02:43:48,950 --> 02:43:46,319 processes 4159 02:43:50,469 --> 02:43:48,960 uh that will all be done in space it 4160 02:43:52,230 --> 02:43:50,479 would have to be done in space you've 4161 02:43:55,830 --> 02:43:52,240 got to grab an asteroid 4162 02:43:56,790 --> 02:43:55,840 tow it into orbit and and do it that way 4163 02:44:00,389 --> 02:43:56,800 that's the only way 4164 02:44:04,070 --> 02:44:00,399 it would ever possibly get done um i 4165 02:44:07,990 --> 02:44:04,080 also firmly believe i'm telling you 4166 02:44:11,429 --> 02:44:08,000 this is fact this is absolute fact 4167 02:44:14,389 --> 02:44:11,439 we can't stay on this planet forever 4168 02:44:14,950 --> 02:44:14,399 no way it's not we're gonna get we gotta 4169 02:44:21,830 --> 02:44:14,960 go 4170 02:44:25,030 --> 02:44:21,840 trillion years from now our solar system 4171 02:44:27,269 --> 02:44:25,040 is a distant memory okay that's right 4172 02:44:27,750 --> 02:44:27,279 ice evidence we're on restart number 4173 02:44:29,590 --> 02:44:27,760 three 4174 02:44:31,349 --> 02:44:29,600 yeah we are pressing our luck yeah we're 4175 02:44:35,670 --> 02:44:31,359 pressing our luck we've got 4176 02:44:36,950 --> 02:44:35,680 we only have uh at the farthest extreme 4177 02:44:41,190 --> 02:44:36,960 of the numbers 4178 02:44:44,710 --> 02:44:41,200 is five billion years left with our son 4179 02:44:45,510 --> 02:44:44,720 but during that during that five billion 4180 02:44:48,469 --> 02:44:45,520 years 4181 02:44:49,590 --> 02:44:48,479 the sun is going to expand it's going to 4182 02:44:51,190 --> 02:44:49,600 overheat 4183 02:44:53,429 --> 02:44:51,200 it's going to do a lot of different 4184 02:44:56,469 --> 02:44:53,439 things in that five billion 4185 02:44:58,230 --> 02:44:56,479 zones gonna be in europa you know before 4186 02:45:00,469 --> 02:44:58,240 we do anything about it unless we 4187 02:45:02,150 --> 02:45:00,479 smarten up that's right so we only have 4188 02:45:06,630 --> 02:45:02,160 we've got about a billion 4189 02:45:08,389 --> 02:45:06,640 years of of of what we are right now 4190 02:45:09,110 --> 02:45:08,399 we've got about a billion years and 4191 02:45:13,510 --> 02:45:09,120 that's not 4192 02:45:16,550 --> 02:45:13,520 much we have to we have to make plans 4193 02:45:19,510 --> 02:45:16,560 right now about leaving 4194 02:45:21,429 --> 02:45:19,520 everybody everybody's got to go there 4195 02:45:24,710 --> 02:45:21,439 there can't be anybody left 4196 02:45:26,830 --> 02:45:24,720 we've got to go somewhere 4197 02:45:28,389 --> 02:45:26,840 here's the third factor and it's very 4198 02:45:30,230 --> 02:45:28,399 important 4199 02:45:32,550 --> 02:45:30,240 you think of how much debris we've been 4200 02:45:33,349 --> 02:45:32,560 pummeled by just our solar system alone 4201 02:45:36,150 --> 02:45:33,359 i mean 4202 02:45:38,230 --> 02:45:36,160 the the crater evidence on moons and 4203 02:45:38,630 --> 02:45:38,240 other planets just in our solar system 4204 02:45:41,190 --> 02:45:38,640 alone 4205 02:45:41,990 --> 02:45:41,200 is overwhelming it's been hit with 4206 02:45:45,190 --> 02:45:42,000 debris 4207 02:45:47,830 --> 02:45:45,200 for billions of years and that's 4208 02:45:49,910 --> 02:45:47,840 us in the middle of a void now you get 4209 02:45:50,469 --> 02:45:49,920 in the middle of a densely populated 4210 02:45:54,830 --> 02:45:50,479 region 4211 02:45:58,309 --> 02:45:54,840 of our galaxy and there's going to be 4212 02:46:01,750 --> 02:45:58,319 exponentially billions squared 4213 02:46:05,510 --> 02:46:01,760 times billion squared amount of debris 4214 02:46:08,550 --> 02:46:05,520 and so i think our level 4215 02:46:10,389 --> 02:46:08,560 of technology and our level of 4216 02:46:12,070 --> 02:46:10,399 understanding of the universe is 4217 02:46:15,990 --> 02:46:12,080 probably going to be the most 4218 02:46:18,790 --> 02:46:16,000 common one as a result of that 4219 02:46:20,150 --> 02:46:18,800 and that the advanced civilizations that 4220 02:46:23,030 --> 02:46:20,160 everybody's looking for 4221 02:46:25,269 --> 02:46:23,040 are going to be far more rare than what 4222 02:46:28,710 --> 02:46:25,279 we think they are simply because 4223 02:46:30,630 --> 02:46:28,720 of that planetary restart they've been 4224 02:46:32,710 --> 02:46:30,640 pummeled and pummeled and pummeled in 4225 02:46:33,830 --> 02:46:32,720 some cases obliterated we've got an 4226 02:46:36,950 --> 02:46:33,840 asteroid belt 4227 02:46:39,190 --> 02:46:36,960 showing evidence of that you know it's 4228 02:46:40,870 --> 02:46:39,200 in the process of forming planets right 4229 02:46:42,950 --> 02:46:40,880 now we got ceres 4230 02:46:44,550 --> 02:46:42,960 and it's taken billions of years to 4231 02:46:47,110 --> 02:46:44,560 reform that 4232 02:46:47,830 --> 02:46:47,120 well and there's always you're right 4233 02:46:50,550 --> 02:46:47,840 about that 4234 02:46:51,030 --> 02:46:50,560 and there's there's always right now as 4235 02:46:55,030 --> 02:46:51,040 you 4236 02:46:57,269 --> 02:46:55,040 have talked 4237 02:47:01,110 --> 02:46:57,279 i'm looking at the clock okay so we've 4238 02:47:04,309 --> 02:47:01,120 talked for about 15 minutes 4239 02:47:07,830 --> 02:47:04,319 15 solar systems 4240 02:47:09,990 --> 02:47:07,840 have been created in that last 50 years 4241 02:47:12,469 --> 02:47:10,000 it's like every minute you just think 4242 02:47:14,630 --> 02:47:12,479 about it every minute that goes by 4243 02:47:15,910 --> 02:47:14,640 another solar system is created the 4244 02:47:19,349 --> 02:47:15,920 universe is not 4245 02:47:21,910 --> 02:47:19,359 done and it's not over in its creation 4246 02:47:23,349 --> 02:47:21,920 what we need to do i mean there's always 4247 02:47:23,910 --> 02:47:23,359 going to be something new and fresh out 4248 02:47:26,950 --> 02:47:23,920 there 4249 02:47:30,309 --> 02:47:26,960 but what we need to do is find a star 4250 02:47:33,269 --> 02:47:30,319 system with a star that is balanced 4251 02:47:34,469 --> 02:47:33,279 correct with the goldilocks planet in 4252 02:47:37,269 --> 02:47:34,479 front of it 4253 02:47:38,150 --> 02:47:37,279 with a star that where the temperatures 4254 02:47:40,230 --> 02:47:38,160 are correct 4255 02:47:42,070 --> 02:47:40,240 and a star that is going to be there for 4256 02:47:45,110 --> 02:47:42,080 a trillion years 4257 02:47:49,590 --> 02:47:45,120 not 10 billion years and there are 4258 02:47:52,469 --> 02:47:49,600 there are literally tens of trillions 4259 02:47:53,910 --> 02:47:52,479 of billions of stars out there like that 4260 02:47:56,790 --> 02:47:53,920 we just have to find them 4261 02:47:57,670 --> 02:47:56,800 to stop looking at the red dwarf planets 4262 02:47:59,110 --> 02:47:57,680 because 4263 02:48:01,030 --> 02:47:59,120 those are all going to be eyeball 4264 02:48:03,830 --> 02:48:01,040 planets so uh um 4265 02:48:04,550 --> 02:48:03,840 proxima centauri is is a red dwarf 4266 02:48:06,710 --> 02:48:04,560 planet 4267 02:48:08,230 --> 02:48:06,720 which means if there is any life on any 4268 02:48:11,510 --> 02:48:08,240 of its planets 4269 02:48:12,469 --> 02:48:11,520 in uh orbit around it uh they're all 4270 02:48:15,670 --> 02:48:12,479 firstly 4271 02:48:19,030 --> 02:48:15,680 they they are um radiation 4272 02:48:21,190 --> 02:48:19,040 yeah well and they're also radiated 4273 02:48:23,349 --> 02:48:21,200 and everything there's going to see 4274 02:48:24,309 --> 02:48:23,359 probably infrared like avi was talking 4275 02:48:27,349 --> 02:48:24,319 about that's right 4276 02:48:29,269 --> 02:48:27,359 uh yeah yeah there's no white light 4277 02:48:31,110 --> 02:48:29,279 we need to stop looking at that stuff 4278 02:48:32,469 --> 02:48:31,120 because we're going to have a very 4279 02:48:35,910 --> 02:48:32,479 difficult you don't send 4280 02:48:39,429 --> 02:48:35,920 out a civilization that has been 4281 02:48:42,309 --> 02:48:39,439 you know taken millions of years 4282 02:48:43,429 --> 02:48:42,319 of adaptation and evolution to get to 4283 02:48:46,630 --> 02:48:43,439 where it is 4284 02:48:48,389 --> 02:48:46,640 to suddenly go to full restart and it 4285 02:48:51,910 --> 02:48:48,399 would be a full restart 4286 02:48:54,710 --> 02:48:51,920 on a habitat like that 4287 02:48:55,110 --> 02:48:54,720 it'd be a full-on eyeball planet if 4288 02:48:57,429 --> 02:48:55,120 there's 4289 02:48:58,309 --> 02:48:57,439 any possibility of life on any of those 4290 02:49:01,910 --> 02:48:58,319 planets in 4291 02:49:03,750 --> 02:49:01,920 alpha centauri at all and 4292 02:49:06,150 --> 02:49:03,760 which means you're going to be in 4293 02:49:09,030 --> 02:49:06,160 constant radiated heat 4294 02:49:11,429 --> 02:49:09,040 with living closer toward the poles and 4295 02:49:14,870 --> 02:49:11,439 then the back side of that planet is 4296 02:49:16,710 --> 02:49:14,880 nothing but freaking ice you know 4297 02:49:18,389 --> 02:49:16,720 you know what you're not just you know 4298 02:49:19,830 --> 02:49:18,399 what you know what's funny you're not 4299 02:49:23,110 --> 02:49:19,840 just an artist 4300 02:49:26,230 --> 02:49:23,120 and your your artwork is based on 4301 02:49:28,710 --> 02:49:26,240 knowledge and thought uh and 4302 02:49:29,910 --> 02:49:28,720 and just incredible eric thank you so 4303 02:49:33,349 --> 02:49:29,920 much man 4304 02:49:36,870 --> 02:49:33,359 and uh let's speak soon my friend 4305 02:49:39,269 --> 02:49:36,880 yeah eric 4306 02:49:40,070 --> 02:49:39,279 you know you know you know what's funny 4307 02:49:44,070 --> 02:49:40,080 you just 4308 02:49:46,070 --> 02:49:44,080 15 minutes 4309 02:49:48,150 --> 02:49:46,080 you get to the end and you're out of 4310 02:49:51,269 --> 02:49:48,160 words i love it eric 4311 02:49:54,070 --> 02:49:51,279 don't change man 4312 02:49:56,870 --> 02:49:54,080 see you jimmy go beckley tuffy sam and 4313 02:50:00,550 --> 02:49:56,880 have a great night thank you so much 4314 02:50:03,670 --> 02:50:00,560 bye bye now eric stitt now how is 4315 02:50:07,030 --> 02:50:03,680 that now everybody that's on hold i 4316 02:50:10,070 --> 02:50:07,040 i apologize it's uh but eric 4317 02:50:13,590 --> 02:50:10,080 calls into this show like i don't know 4318 02:50:15,670 --> 02:50:13,600 once a year and uh there you go but 4319 02:50:17,190 --> 02:50:15,680 absolutely we've got to get off this 4320 02:50:20,790 --> 02:50:17,200 planet 4321 02:50:22,230 --> 02:50:20,800 probably um and unfolding space and 4322 02:50:25,190 --> 02:50:22,240 doing all of that is 4323 02:50:26,630 --> 02:50:25,200 is in the future and we'll get to that 4324 02:50:30,550 --> 02:50:26,640 but there is no doubt 4325 02:50:33,429 --> 02:50:30,560 that eventually us humans 4326 02:50:33,830 --> 02:50:33,439 we may not live on planets at all we may 4327 02:50:37,269 --> 02:50:33,840 not 4328 02:50:40,790 --> 02:50:37,279 we just may cruise the universe 4329 02:50:43,910 --> 02:50:40,800 on on ships that we build as we go 4330 02:50:44,870 --> 02:50:43,920 build on make bigger visit asteroids 4331 02:50:47,269 --> 02:50:44,880 visit planets 4332 02:50:48,230 --> 02:50:47,279 get resources and then keep moving 4333 02:50:50,870 --> 02:50:48,240 forward 4334 02:50:52,309 --> 02:50:50,880 and a trillion years from now that's 4335 02:50:53,590 --> 02:50:52,319 that's what we're going to do that's 4336 02:50:56,630 --> 02:50:53,600 that's how we're going to live 4337 02:50:59,590 --> 02:50:56,640 that's how we are going to exist 4338 02:51:01,670 --> 02:50:59,600 now with all of that what an amazing 4339 02:51:03,429 --> 02:51:01,680 night tonight what an amazing show i 4340 02:51:05,750 --> 02:51:03,439 want to thank avi loeb 4341 02:51:06,870 --> 02:51:05,760 uh for coming in and spending all of 4342 02:51:10,150 --> 02:51:06,880 that time with us 4343 02:51:11,670 --> 02:51:10,160 two hours of avi loeb tonight 4344 02:51:13,590 --> 02:51:11,680 tomorrow night is fader night don't 4345 02:51:15,349 --> 02:51:13,600 forget open lines all night long fade to 4346 02:51:17,110 --> 02:51:15,359 black's executive producer 4347 02:51:19,110 --> 02:51:17,120 is rita murray on show it's produced by 4348 02:51:21,030 --> 02:51:19,120 hilton j paul renee dennis and kevin 4349 02:51:23,190 --> 02:51:21,040 announcers are steve harter gene vettel 4350 02:51:26,429 --> 02:51:23,200 mark d kovar webmaster is drew the geek 4351 02:51:27,750 --> 02:51:26,439 music doug aldridge intro spaceboy 4352 02:51:29,830 --> 02:51:27,760 spaceboymusic.com 4353 02:51:31,790 --> 02:51:29,840 beta black is produced by kjcr for the 4354 02:51:33,349 --> 02:51:31,800 game changer network and syndication is 4355 02:51:36,710 --> 02:51:33,359 kgra 4356 02:51:38,710 --> 02:51:36,720 the planet spark has owned a copyrighted 4357 02:51:39,910 --> 02:51:38,720 2021 by fade to black in the game 4358 02:51:41,830 --> 02:51:39,920 changer network inc 4359 02:51:43,349 --> 02:51:41,840 it cannot be re-broadcast downloaded 4360 02:51:43,990 --> 02:51:43,359 copied or used anywhere in the known 4361 02:51:45,590 --> 02:51:44,000 universe 4362 02:51:47,349 --> 02:51:45,600 without written permission from fade to 4363 02:51:49,670 --> 02:51:47,359 black or the game changer network 4364 02:51:51,429 --> 02:51:49,680 our murals jimmy church we'll see 4365 02:51:53,030 --> 02:51:51,439 everybody tomorrow night for fader night 4366 02:51:58,830 --> 02:51:53,040 thank you avi loeb 4367 02:52:00,060 --> 02:51:59,880 black 4368 02:52:02,660 --> 02:52:00,070 [Music] 4369 02:52:21,820 --> 02:52:02,670 [Applause]